Zvemukati
Iyo zvipenyu vanoda oxygen yekutsigira metabolism yavo. Sechigadzirwa chacho, vanogadzira chinhu chine chepfu: carbon dioxide. Maitiro anowanikwa neokisijeni uye kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inoraswa inonzi kufema.
Kufema kunonyanya kuzivikanwa kwatiri ndiko pulmonary: isu pamwe nemhuka dzedu dzepedyo (imbwa, katsi, shiri, mabhiza, nezvimwewo) tinofema kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekufema hwakavakirwa pamapapu. Zvisinei, kune dzimwe nzira dzekufema.
Iyo tracheal system iyo mhando yekufema system yakanangana netracheae. Inogadzirwa netiweki yemachubhu asina chinhu. Aya machubhu madiki dhayamita sezvaanopinda munyama. Gasi dzinogona kufamba kuburikidza neiyi network yemachubhu kungave kuburikidza neyakaitwa system (diffusion) kana kuburikidza neanoshanda system (kufefetedza).
Iyo peculiarity yeiyo tracheal system ndeyekuti machubhu anosvika padiki diki dhayamita (mashoma maicrometer) ayo anopa maseru neoksijeni zvakananga, pasina kubatanidza kutenderera kweropa (sezvinoitika mukufema kwemapapu).
Mhuka dzine tracheas ndeidzi:
- Arthropods: Ndiyo yakanyanya kusiyana uye yakawanda mhuka phylum. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe mamwe epasi arthropods ane kufema kwetaracheal, haimo mune ese iwo. Arthropods ari Mhuka dzisingaverengeki vane mafupa ekunze uye akabatanidzwa.
- Onychophores: Idzo mhuka diki dzine mitezo mizhinji inoguma nenzara uye chimiro chakareba. Ivo vakafanana nehonye kana makonye, asi vane maziso uye / kana kanyanga. Vanodya tupukanana nemaarachnid ayo avanoteya nekuda kwechinhu chavanoburitsa, chinova chinonamira.
Mienzaniso yetracheal kufema
Arachnids (arthropods): Kuwedzera kune madandemutande, squig, mite, uyezvinyavada zvakare arachnids. Vanogona kunge vaine imwe yenhengo dzinotevera, kana ese ari maviri panguva imwe chete:
- Filotracheas: Iyi mitezo inonziwo "bhuku mapapu." Iwo maburi mumadziro emudumbu (intussusception). Kune rimwe divi remadziro kune lamellae: zvakapetwa mumadziro zvakabatanidzwa pamwechete nemazariro. Ropa riri mukati meaya lamellae uye kuchinjana gasi kunoitika ipapo. Kutenda kudzvinyirira kwetsandanyama yemadziro emadziro emakamuri emhepo, iyo kamuri inogona kuve nemhepo. Arachnids anongova nemapapu emaphuku ndiwo mesothelae (echinyakare arachnids) ,zvinyavada, varopygians, amblipigians, uye schizomids.
- Tracheae: Izvo zvakafanana neizvo zvezvipembenene, ndiko kuti, iwo network yematavi machubhu. Kana tracheas dziripo, iyo yeropa system inoderedzwa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti tracheas inobvumidza okisijeni kugoverwa yakananga kumasero uye haidi kupindira kweiyo circulatory system. Iwo maarachnid anofema kuburikidza netreacheas ndiwo ma ricinulids, iwo pseudocorpoiones, solífuos, opiliones uye mites. Araneomorphs (madandaude ane diagonal chelicerae) anowanzove neese maviri masystem akabatanidzwa.
Myriapods (arthropods): Iwo macentipedes, millipedes, pauropods uye symphyla. Kune anopfuura zviuru gumi nezvitanhatu zvemhando dzemamirapodhi. Iyo tracheal system ine mamiriro akafanana neayo ezvipembenene.
Tupukanana (arthropods): Iyo tracheal system yezvipembenene inoumbwa ne:
- Stigmas (inonziwo spiracles): Idzo dzakakomberedzwa pores dzinobatanidza trachea nekunze. Vamwe vane mhango (kamuri kana atrium) iyo inoderedza kurasikirwa nemvura uye inodzivirira kupinda kwezvinhu zvisingadiwe (guruva kana zvipembenene) nekuda kwebvudzi kana minzwa.
- Tracheas: Aya ndiwo machubhu anotenderera mweya wekufema. Vane zvindori zvekutenderera zvinonzi tenidiums zvinoita kuti zvisawire.
- Trachealas: Iwo mabhenefiti eiyo tracheae, ndiko kuti, iwo akaonda uye anotakura magasi kumatishu. Dzinosangana zvakananga nemasero.
Onychophores: Dzinodaidzwa zvakare kuti velvety honye. Ivo vanogara munzvimbo dzinopisa uye vanosarudza nyoro nyoro nharaunda. Iwo ma spiracles mune yako tracheal system ane akaenzana dhayamita. Yese tracheal unit idiki uye inopa okisijeni chete kumaturu ari padyo.
Inogona kukushandira:
- Kufema-kupora mhuka
- Mhuka dzinofema-ganda
- Gill-kufema mhuka
