Zvemukati
- Organelles mumasero eukaryotic
- Organelles mumasero eprokaryotic
- Mienzaniso ye organelles mumasero eukaryotic
- Mienzaniso ye organelles mumasero eprokaryotic
Iyo organelles kana maseru organelles ndizvo zvivakwa zviri mukati memasero ese. Ivo vanosiyana mune morphology uye vanosiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nebasa rinozadzikiswa nerimwe nerimwe mukati mechitokisi. Semuyenzaniso: iyo mitochondria, iyo midziyo yeGolgi, iyo ribosomes.
Organelles aripo eukaryotic uye prokaryotic maseru. Rudzi uye nhamba ye organelles iyo sero rinayo rinoenderana zvakananga nebasa rayo uye chimiro. Semuyenzaniso: chirimwa masero ane iyo chloroplast organelle (inova inoitisa photosynthesis).
Organelles mumasero eukaryotic
Eukaryotic maseru ndeavo vane musero musero ine DNA. Ivo varipo mune unicellular uye multicellular zvipenyu. Semuyenzaniso: sero remhuka, chirimwa chemiti.
Rudzi urwu rwemasero runoumbwa neyakaumbwa ine membrane, sero nyukisi uye cytoplasm (uko kunowanikwa huwandu hukuru hwesero organelles). Organelles inobvumira eukaryotic maseru kuve akave akajeka kupfuura prokaryotic maseru.
- Inogona kukubatsira: maseru akasarudzika
Organelles mumasero eprokaryotic
Prokaryotic maseru ndeaya asina cell cell. Ivo varipo mune unicellular zvipenyu. Ivo vane diki dhizaini uye vashoma kuomarara kupfuura eukaryotic maseru. Semuyenzaniso: iyo mabhakitiriya, the arches.
Kusiyana nemaseru eukaryotic, ma prokaryotes ane mashoma mashoma e organelles mune yavo chimiro, ayo anosiyana zvinoenderana nehunhu uye mashandiro esero rega rega uye anowanikwa mune mamwe chete. Semuyenzaniso: ribosomes kana plasmids.
Prokaryotic maseru anogovera iyo membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, uye mageneral zvinhu neiyo eukaryotic sero.
Mienzaniso ye organelles mumasero eukaryotic
- Maseru madziro. Yakaomarara chimiro chinopa chengetedzo kumasero anowanikwa mune zvinomera, fungi, uye mamwe ma prokaryotic maseru. Inogadzirwa nemakabohydrate uye mapuroteni. Iri sero rusvingo runodzivirira sero kubva kune yekunze nharaunda.
- Plasma membrane. Iyo yakatetepa lipid bilayer iyo ine mapuroteni mamorekuru. Iyo yakasununguka uye basa rayo nderokugadzirisa kupinda nekubuda kwezvinhu musero. Inodzivirira chimiro uye kuvimbika kwesero kubva kune ekunze mamiriro ezvinhu. Izvo zvakare zviripo muma prokaryotic maseru.
- Yakaipa endoplasmic reticulum. Netiweki yema membrane inowanikwa mune angangoita ese eukaryotic maseru. Basa rayo ndiko kusangana uye kutakura kwemapuroteni. Iyo ine ribosomes iyo inoipa iyo yayo yakaoma kuoneka.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Membrane inoenderera yakaomarara endoplasmic reticulum asi haina ribosomes.Mabasa ayo anosanganisira kutakura maseru, lipid synthesis uye calcium kuchengetedza.
- Ribosomes. Supramolecular complexes ayo aripo akawandisa mune angangoita ese eukaryotic maseru. Basa rayo nderekugadzira mapuroteni kubva kuruzivo rwuri muDNA. Ivo vanowanikwa vakasununguka mu cytoplasm kana yakasungirirwa kune yakashata endoplasmic reticulum. Ivo varipowo muma prokaryotic maseru.
- Zvishandiso zveGolgi. Akateedzana mamembure ane basa rake kutakura uye kurongedza mapuroteni. Iyo ine basa rekuumba gluco-lipids uye gluco-mapuroteni.
- Mitochondria. Maumbirwo ehurefu kana oval chimiro chinotarisirwa kupa simba kuchitokisi. Ivo vanogadzira adenosine triphosphate (ATP) kuburikidza nekufema kwemaseru. Ivo vanowanikwa mune ese eukaryotic maseru.
- Vacuoles. Maumbirwo aripo mumasero ese emiti. Zvinosiyana zvichienderana nesero ravari. Basa ravo kuchengetedza uye kutakura. Ivo vanobatsira mukukura kwenhengo dzemiti uye nyama. Uye zvakare, ivo vanopindira mukuita kwe homeostasis (kudzora kwemuviri).
- Microtubules. Zvimiro zveTubular zvine pakati pemabasa avo: kutakurwa kwemasero, kufamba uye kurongeka kwema organelles muchitokisi uye kupindira mumasero ekuparadzanisa (zvese mu mitosis uye meiosis).
- Vesicles Intracellular sacs iro basa rayo nderekuchengetedza, kuendesa kana kuendesa tsvina yemaseru. Ivo vakaparadzaniswa kubva kune cytoplasm ne membrane.
- Lysosomes Spherical mabhegi ane enzyme enzyme. Mabasa avo anosanganisira mapuroteni ekufambisa, kufona kwemaseru uye phagocytosis yezvirwere zvinorwisa sero. Ivo varipo mune ese maseru emhuka. Ivo vanoumbwa nemidziyo yeGolgi.
- Nucleus. Chimiro chechimiro chine DNA mukati memacromolecule anonzi chromosomes. Inowanikwa chete mumasero eukaryotic.
- Nucleolus Nharaunda iri mukati memukati wakaumbwa neRNA nemapuroteni. Basa rayo ndiko kubatana kweRibosomal RNA.
- Chloroplasts. Plasta inowanikwa chete mune algae uye masero emiti. Ivo vane basa rekuita iyo photosynthesis maitiro muchitokisi. Iwo ane masaga emukati ane chlorophyll.
- Melanosomas. Idenderedzwa kana dzakareba zvivakwa zvine melanin, iyo pigment iyo inotora mwenje. Dzinowanikwa mumasero emhuka.
- Centrosome. Microtubule inoronga nzvimbo iripo mune mamwe maseru emhuka. Inotora chikamu musero kupatsanura uye nzira dzekufambisa. Rongedza ma microtubules esero.
- Cytoskeleton Chimiro chemapuroteni anopa mamiriro uye anoronga zvemukati zvikamu zvechitokisi. Inotora chikamu mune intracellular traffic uye maseru kupatsanurwa.
- Cilia. Diki, ipfupi uye yakawanda villi inobvumidza kufamba kwesero uye kutakura. Ivo vanowanikwa pamusoro pemhando zhinji dzemasero.
- Flagella. Sisitimu yenhengo dzakareba uye shoma dzinobvumira kufamba kwemasero uye kunobatsira kutorwa kwechikafu.
- Peroxisomes. Zvivakwa zvakaumbwa neVesicle zvinozadzisa mashandiro emagetsi. Ivo vanowanikwa mumasero mazhinji eukaryotic.
- Amyloplast. Maplasta anowanikwa mune mamwe maseru emiti ane basa rekuchengetedza starch.
- Chromoplasts. Plasta inowanikwa mune mamwe maseru ezvirimwa ayo anochengeta iwo mavara anopa maruva emiti, madzinde, michero, uye midzi yavo ruvara.
- Mapuroteni. Plasta inowanikwa mune mamwe maseru emiti ane basa rekuchengetedza mapuroteni.
- Oleoplasts. Ndiro dzinowanikwa mune mamwe maseru emiti ane basa rekuchengetedza mafuta kana mafuta.
- Glioxisome. Rudzi rwe peroxisome ruripo mune mamwe maseru emiti anoshandura lipids kuita makabhohaidhiretsi panguva yekumera kwembeu.
- Acrosome. Vesicle iri panoperera chirume musoro chine hydrolytic enzymes.
- Hydrogenosome. Membrane-yakaganhurirwa chimiro chinogadzira mamorekuru hydrogen uye ATP.
Mienzaniso ye organelles mumasero eprokaryotic
- Nucleoid. Iyo isina kujairika yakaita sero dunhu remaprokaryotic masero ane iyo DNA yesero.
- Plasmids Zvidenderedzwa zvimiro zvine majini echisero. Ivo vanodanwawo kunzi "nhare dzeserura." Ivo varipo mumabhakitiriya uye archaea.
- Pili. Kuwedzeredzwa kunowanikwa pamusoro pemabhakitiriya mazhinji. Ivo vanozadzisa akasiyana mabasa sekufamba kwesero kana kubatana pakati pebhakitiriya.
- Iyo inogona kukushandira iwe: Unicellular uye multicellular zvipenyu
