Zvemukati
Iyo epic iri rondedzero nyaya iri chikamu cheiyo epic genre. Epics inotaura nezvezviito zvinoumba tsika yerudzi kana tsika. Semuyenzaniso: Iyo Iliad, iyo Odyssey.
Aya magwaro anozivikanwa nekupa nharaunda nhorondo yekwavakabva, nekudaro inosanganisirwa munyaya dzekutanga.
Munguva dzekare, idzi nyaya dzaiparadzirwa nemuromo. Epic yaGilgamesh ndiyo yekutanga kuve nekunyora zvinyorwa, pamahwendefa evhu, kubva muzana remireniyumu rechipiri BC.
- Onawo: Rwiyo rwechiito
Hunhu hwe epic
- Ivo protagonists venyaya idzi vatambi vane mweya wechigamba, vanomiririra hunhu hunoyemurwa nevanhu, uye nyaya dzavo dzinogara dziine zvinhu zvemweya.
- Vanowanzo tenderera pakati pekufamba kana hondo
- Iwo akarongeka mumavhesi marefu (kazhinji hexameter) kana prose, uye murondedzeri wavo anogara achitsvaga chiito mune iri kure, yakatarwa nguva, umo magamba navanamwari vanogara pamwe chete.
- Onawo: Nhetembo dzeRyric
Enzaniso dze epic
- Epic yaGilgamesh
Iyo inozivikanwawo seye Nhetembo yaGilgamesh, iyi nyaya inoumbwa nhetembo shanu dzakazvimirira dzevaSumer uye inorondedzera zvakaitwa naMambo Gilgamesh. Kune vatsoropodzi, ibasa rekutanga rekunyora rinotaura nezvekufa kwevanhu kana zvichienzaniswa nekusafa kwevamwari. Zvakare, mune iri basa nyaya yemafashama epasi rose inoonekwa kekutanga.
Nhetembo iyi inorondedzera hupenyu hwamambo weUruk Gilgamesh uyo, semhedzisiro yekuchiva kwake nekusabatwa zvakanaka kwevanhukadzi, anopomedzerwa nevanotongwa pamberi pavamwari. Mukupindura izvi zvirevo, vamwari vanotumira murume wesango anonzi Enkidu kuzomupikisa. Asi, zvinopesana nezvinotarisirwa, vaviri vacho vanopedzisira vave shamwari uye voita hutsinye pamwe chete.
Sechirango, vanamwari vanouraya Enkidu, zvichikurudzira shamwari yake kutanga kutsvaka kusafa. Pane kumwe kwekufamba kwake, Gilgamesh anosangana nasenzi Utnapishtim nemukadzi wake, vane chipo chinoshuviwa namambo weUruk. Achidzokera kunyika yake, Gilgamesh anoteedzera kuraira kwesenge uye anowana chirimwa chinodzoreredza hudiki kune avo vanochidya. Asi isati yadaro, nyoka inoba.
Nekudaro, mambo anodzokera kunyika yake asina chinhu, achinzwira tsitsi vanhu vake mushure mekufa kweshamwari yake uye nepfungwa yekuti kusafa ndiko kungori kwega kwevanamwari.
- Iyo Iliad uye Iyo Odyssey
Iri Iliad ndiro bhuku rekaresa rakanyorwa mumabhuku eWestern uye inofungidzirwa kuti yakanyorwa muchikamu chechipiri chezana ramakore rechisere BC. C., muIonian Greece.
Chinyorwa ichi, icho chinonzi chakataurwa naHomer, chinorondedzera nhevedzano yezviitiko zvakaitika panguva yeHondo yeTrojan, umo maGreek akakomba guta iri mushure mekutapa kwaHelen akanaka. Hondo yacho inopedzisira yave kusangana kwepasirese, mune mwari vanobatanidzwawo.
Chinyorwa chinorondedzera kutsamwa kwaAchilles, gamba reGreek uyo anonzwa kugumburwa nemukuru wake, Agamemnon, uye afunga kusiya kurwa. Mushure mekuenda kwavo, maTrojans anotungamira iyo hondo. Pakati pezvimwe zviitiko, iro gamba reTrojan Hector rinokonzeresa kuparadzwa zvachose kwezvikepe zveGreek.
Nepo Achilles ari kure nekukonana, kufa kweshamwari yake yepamwoyo, Patroclus, kunoitikawo, saka gamba rinofunga kudzokera kunorwa uye nekudaro rinokwanisa kudzosera mugumo wevaGiriki vakamutsigira.
Odyssey imwe epic iyo inonziwo kuna Homer. Iyo inotaura nezvekukundwa kweTroy nemaGreek uye nehunyanzvi hwaOdysseus (kana Ulysses) uye bhiza rehuni raanonyengedza maTrojans kuti apinde mutaundi. Iri basa rinorondedzera kudzoka kweUlysses kumba, mushure mekurwa muhondo kwemakore gumi. Kudzoka kwake kuchitsuwa cheIthaca, kwaaibata zita ramambo, zvinotora mamwe makore gumi.
- Iyo yeAeneid
Kubva kuRoma, Iyo yeAeneid Yakanga yakanyorwa naPublio Virgilio Marón (anonyanyo kuzivikanwa saVirgilio) muzana ramakore rekutanga BC. C., akatumwa naMambo Augustus. Chinangwa chamambo uyu kwaive kunyora bhuku raizopa mavambo engano kuumambo hwakatanga nehurumende yake.
Virgil inotora senzvimbo yekutanga Hondo yeTrojan nekuparadzwa kwayo, iyo yakanga yatotaurwa naHomer, uye ichinyorazve, asi inowedzera nhoroondo yekutangwa kweRoma kwaanowedzera kubata kweanozivikanwa ngano dzechiGiriki.
Zano renyaya iyi rinotarisa parwendo rwaEeneas nemaTrojans kuenda kuItari uye matambudziko nekukunda kunoteedzana kusvikira vasvika munyika yechipikirwa: Lazio.
Basa racho rakaumbwa nemabhuku gumi nemaviri. Vatanhatu vekutanga vanotaura nezvekufamba kwaEneas kuenda kuItari, nepo chikamu chechipiri chinotarisa kukunda kunoitika muItari.
- Rwiyo rweMio Cid
Rwiyo rweMio Cid Iri ndiro rekutanga basa rakakura muzvinyorwa zveSpanish zvakanyorwa mumutauro weRomance. Kunyangwe ichionekwa seisingazivikanwe, iyezvino mazvikokota anoti yakanyorwa naPer Abbat, kunyangwe vamwe vachifunga kuti raive basa remunyori. Inofungidzirwa kuti Rwiyo rweMio Cid Yakanga yakanyorwa mukati mema1200 ekutanga.
Basa rinorondedzera, pamwe nerumwe rusununguko pachikamu chemunyori, hunhu hunoshamisa hwemakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwe knight yaCastilla Rodrigo Díaz, anozivikanwa saCampeador, kubva pakutapwa kwake kwekutanga (muna 1081) kusvika parufu rwake (muna 1099 ).
Chinyorwa, icho chine 3,735 mavhesi ehurefu hwakasiyana, chinotarisana nemisoro mikuru miviri. Kune rimwe divi, kutapwa uye izvo izvo Musiki waanofanira kuita kuti awane kuregererwa chaiko uye adzokere chimiro chake munzanga. Kune rimwe divi, kukudzwa kweCid nemhuri yake, kwakasimudzirwa kumagumo kusvika padanho rekuti vanasikana vake vanoroora machinda eNavarra neAragon.
- Enderera ne: Literary Mhando
