Zvemukati
- Sayenzi yekupa mazita mazita
- Rudzi rwakasiyana sei nesubpecies?
- Imwe nzira yekunzwisisa tsananguro yezvisikwa
- Mienzaniso yezvipenyu
- Subspecies emhando dzemhuka
- Subspecies emhando yemiti
- Subspecies eiyo protista marudzi
- Subspecies eiyo mhando fungi uye lichen
Zvinonzwisiswa ne mhando kuboka kana seti yezvinhu zvipenyu (mhuka kana chirimwa umambo) izvo zvinogoverana tsika, maitiro uye hunhu hunhu hwakafanana kuneumwe uye hwakasiyana nevamwe. Rudzi zvakare rune mukana wekusangana kana kusangana uye kubereka vana vakaorera.
Mhando dzinogovana zvakafanana boka reDNA, izvo zvinoita kuti zvipenyu zverudzi rumwe chete zvizivane nekufanana.
Sayenzi yekupa mazita mazita
Iwo mazita ezita remitemo anoenderana nesainzi kupatsanura anoratidza mashanu akasiyana marudzi eshiri:
- Mhuka
- Zvirimwa
- Miti yakasimwa
- Hutachiona
- Utachiona
Mukati meimwe yeaya marudzi, zvinokwanisika kuona akati wandei subclassification kana subspecies. Subpecies inonzwisiswa seinogamuchira kana kusimudzira mhando. Iwo masppecies ane akafanana anatomical, epanyama uye maitiro kana maitiro ehunhu zvine chekuita nemhando yezvavanenge vari, asi vanogona kunge vaine mamwe maitiro akasiyana ekuchinjika kune zvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, bere reMexico is subspecies yegrey wolf.
Rudzi rwakasiyana sei nesubpecies?
Kubva pakudzidza kwesainzi inozivikanwa zviri nyore nekuti, kunyangwe hazvo iri mhando rine rimwe kana maviri mazita, zita rechitatu rinowedzerwa kune subspecies. Kuenderera mberi nemuenzaniso weiyo grey mhumhi mhuka, inogamuchira zita remazita Canis lupus, nepo subspecies yemhumhi yeMexico ichinzi Canis Lupus Bayleyi (kana Baileyi).
Imwe nzira yekunzwisisa tsananguro yezvisikwa
Kunyangwe pasina dudziro inogamuchirwa pasi rose maererano nepfungwa yezvisikwa, nzira inotevera yekumisikidza zvipenyu ichatariswa, iyo inosanganisira makumi maviri neshanu marudzi, mukati mayo zvinokwanisika kuisa zvikamu zvidiki zvakasiyana nemhuri dzinoverengeka kana mapoka.
Semuenzaniso: iyo yeshumba nembwa. Ose ari maviri anowanikwa mukati memhuka, asi ndeemhuri dzakasiyana: shumba (Panthera leo) ndeyemhuri felidae, nepo imbwa (Canis lupus mhuri) anobva kumhuri yecanidae.
Mienzaniso yezvipenyu
| Agnatos: 116 | Crustaceans: 47,000 | Mosses: 16 236 |
| Green algae: 12,272 | Spermatophytes: 268 600 | Vamwe: 125,117 |
| Amphibians: 6,515 | Gymnosperms: 1,021 | Hove: 31,153 |
| Mhuka: 1,424,153 | Mhando: 12,000 | Vascular zvirimwa: 281,621 |
| Arachnids: 102,248 | Fungi: 74,000 -120,0004 | Zvirimwa: 310,129 |
| Maberere: 5,007 | Zvipembenene: 1 000 000 | Vanyori: 55,0005 |
| Shiri: 9,990 | Zvikara: 1,359,365 | Zvipuka: 8,734 |
| Hutachiona: 10,0006 | Lichens: 17,000 | Inobata: 2,760 |
| Cephalochordates: 33 | Mammamal: 5 487 | Mavairasi: 32,002 |
| Chordates: 64 788 | Mollusks: 85,000 |
Subspecies emhando dzemhuka
| Acanthocephala: 1,150 | Echinodermata: 7,003 | Nemertea: 1,200 |
| Annelida: 16,763 | Echiura: 176 | Onychophora: 165 |
| Arachnida: 102,248 | Entoprocta: 170 | Pauropoda: 715 |
| Arthropoda: 1,166,660 | Gastrotricha: 400 | Pentastomide: 100 |
| Brachiopoda: 550 | Gnathostomulida: 97 | Phoronid: 10 |
| Bryozoa: 5 700 | Hemichordata: 108 | Placozoa: 1 |
| Cephalochordata: 23 | Insecta: chiuru | Platyhelminthes: zviuru makumi maviri |
| Chaetognatha: 121 | Kinorhyncha: 130 | Porifera: 6000 |
| Chilopoda: 3,149 | Loricifera: 22 | Priapulida: 16 |
| Chordata: 60,979 | Mesozoa: 106 | Pycnogonida: 1,340 |
| Cnidaria: 9,795 | Mollusca: 85,000 | Rotifera: 2,180 |
| Crustacea: 47,000 | Monoblastozoa: 1 | Sipuncula: 144 |
| Ctenophora: 166 | Myriapoda: 16,072 | Symphyla: 208 |
| Cycliophora: 1 | Nematoda: <25,000 | Dema: 1,045 |
| Diplopoda: 12,000 | Nematomorpha: 331 | Urochordata: 2 566 |
Subspecies emhando yemiti
| Amborellaceae: 1 | Equisetophyta: 15 | Marchantiophyta: 9,000 |
| Angiosperms: 254,247 | Eudicotyledoneae 175,000 | Monoctyledons: 70,000 |
| Anthocerotophyta 100 | Gymnosperms: 831 | Mosses: zviuru gumi nezvishanu |
| Austrobaileyales: 100 | Ginkgophyta: 1 | Nymphaeaceae: 70 |
| Bryophyta: 24,100 | Gnetophyta: 80 | Ophioglossales: 110 |
| Ceratophyllaceae: 6 | Matafura: 12,480 | Mamwe ma conifers: 400 |
| Anopa mvumo: 70 | Lycophyta: 1,200 | Pinaceae: 220 |
| Cycadophyta: 130 | Magnoliidae: 9,000 | Vanyengeri: 15 |
| Dicots: 184,247 | Marattiopsida 240 | Pterophyta: 11,000 |
Subspecies eiyo protista marudzi
| Acantharia: 160 | Dictyphyceae: 15 | Sanganisa:> 900 |
| Actinophryidae: 5 | Dinoflagellata: 2,000 | Nucleohelea: 160-180 |
| Alveolata: 11 500 | Euglenozoa: 1520 | Opalinata: 400 |
| Amoebozoa:> 3,000 | Eumycetozoa: 655 | Opisthokonta |
| Apicomplexa: 6,000 | Eustigmatophyceae: 15 | Mamwe amoebozoa: 35 |
| Apusomonadida: 12 | Kuchera: 2,318 | Parabasalia: 466 |
| Arcellinide: 1,100 | Foraminifera:> zviuru gumi | Pelagophyceae: 12 |
| Archaeplastida | Hufeve: 146 | Peronosporomycetes: 676 |
| Bacillariophyta: 10,000-20,000 | Glaucophyta: 13 | Phaeophyceae: 1,500-2,000 |
| Bicosoecida: 72 | Haplosporidia: 31 | Phaeothamniophyceae: 25 |
| Cercozoa: <500 | Haptophyta: 350 | Pinguiophyceae: 5 |
| Choanomonade: 120 | Heterokontophyta: zviuru makumi maviri | Polycystinea: 700-1,000 |
| Choanozoa: 167 | Heterolobosea: 80 | Preaxostyla: 96 |
| Chromista: 20,420 | Hyphochytriales: 25 | Protostelia: 36 |
| Chrysophyceae: chiuru | Jakobida: 10 | Raphidophyceae: 20 |
| Ciliophora: 3 500 | Labyrinthulomycetes: 40 | Rhizaria:> 11,900 |
| Cryptophyta: 70 | Lobosa: 180 | Rhodophyta: 4,000-6,000 |
| Dictyostelia:> 100 | Mesomycetozoa: 47 | Synurophyceae: 200 |
Subspecies eiyo mhando fungi uye lichen
| Ascomycota: ~ 30,000 | Basidiomycota: ~ 22,250 | Zvimwe (microfungi): ~ 30,000 |
