Zvemukati
Mubvunzo we kukosha ndiyo imwe yenharo dzakanyanya kutaurwa mukati mehurukuro yehupfumi, kusvika padanho rekuti vadzidzi vazhinji venyaya iyi vakatanga ongororo yavo vachishamisika kuti chii chikonzero nei vanhu vakasarudza kushanda, uye vachinjanisa chigadzirwa chavo ini chandinoshandira zvimwe zvinhu. Yese hurukuro iri maererano nedzidziso yekukosha inounza nhevedzano yemakakatanwa anoenda kufupa rezvehupfumi, uye ayo anowanzove nemipendero ine hukama nefilosofi.
Classical Ehupfumi
Classical dzidziso yezvehupfumi, yakavakirwa pa Adam smith pakupera kwezana remakore gumi nemasere vakafungidzira kuti basa ndiyo chaiyo yekuyera mhando iyo inokoshesa kukosha. Shanduko mukukosha muzvinhu dziripo, asi kuseri kwadzo kunogara kuri iro basa rakaiswa mavari pakushanduka kwavo, inova ndiyo yakasarudzika uye isingagadzirisike pateni yemutengo.
Imwe nguva yakazotevera, David Ricardo akatora dzidziso yaSmith akaipedzisa, achifunga kuti kune mhando mbiri dzezvinhu, idzo dzinozvarwa uye idzo dzisiri: yekutanga ichaenderana nebasa rakaiswa mukuzadzikiswa kwavo, nepo kwechipiri kuchitsamira pane iyo kushomeka.
Ivo vaviri economists, zvisinei, kusiyaniswa pakati pekukoshesa sekushandisa uye kushandisa kwezvinhu zvine chekuita nekutara kwekuchinjana: Nekudaro, kutanga kukosha mune iro basa rakaiswa mukuzadzikiswa kwezvigadzirwa kunoparadzira aya maone maviri pakati pavo.
Dzimwe nzira dzezvino: Austrian neMarxists
Iyo yazvino chaiyo yechinyakare yezvehupfumi iyo yakazvipira pachayo kune yakanyatso kudzidza kukosha ndeye austrian chikoro, iyo inofunga kuti kukosha kwekuti vatengi vanopa kune chigadzirwa kunoenderana ne zvinodiwa, ayo ari ekutanga ari ega uye kunyanya. Ivo vanofunga kuti kukosha kwacho hakugone uye hakugone kugadzirwa: kugadzirwa chete kunogadzira zvinhu zvine kukosha kubva mukutarisisa kunoitwa nevatengi kwazviri.
Iyo Marxist dzidziso, chimwe chezvinonyanya kukosha muzana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, chine fungidziro yakanyanya maonero akange asati amboonekwa ekukosha. Ndiyo here iyo maonero maviri ane hushingi Mune fungwa iyi, ndeyekugutsa chinodikanwa, asi chiri cheboka rezvinhu, musumbu wekuzara kwekugadzirwa kwevanhu kusingaenzaniswi uye kunova nekuva nechinhu chakafanana, chinova basa revanhu rakavharirwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvese, kunyanya mushandirapamwe wevanhu, nekuti hauchinei nezvechigadzirwa chinodiwa munharaunda chiri mubvunzo. Kupokana kwekuvapo kwevashandi mune zvese zvinhu kwakakosha kune yekupedzisira mhedzisiro yaMarx, uye dzidziso yekuwedzera kukosha.
Onawo: Mienzaniso yeNyika dzeSocialist Nhasi
Nekudaro, zvakaratidzwa zvekukosha zvakapihwa munhoroondo yese zvaive zvakasiyana.
Funga mutsauko uripakati pekukosha kwekushandisa nekuchinjana kukosha inounza neimwe dudziro yezvehupfumi, saka kukosha mienzaniso ichaongororwa, kujekesa kuti ingadudzirwa sei mune dzimwe nguva.
- Mushandi anogona kuita maawa mana pazuva, ane vashandi vake a shandisa kukosha maawa mana pazuva.
- Iyo mutengo wekuchinjana Zvezvigadzirwa zvinoberekwazve, zveMarxism, zvakavezwa munguva yebasa risingabvumike munharaunda zvinoda kuti zvizadziswe.
- Iyo mutengo wekuchinjana yehembe inochinja-chinja mukati megore rose uye zvine chekuita nemafashoni, kunyange basa rakaiswa mariri rakafanana zvachose.
- Zvekurima zvinhu zvakanyorwa pamusika wepasi rose nemutengo mumwe ipapo, saka vane mutengo wekuchinjana yakatarwa pasi rose.
- Iyo shandisa kukosha yezvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kunyatsofungidzirwa kunze, nekureba kwenguva yainayo ingangove nguva yekuti mutengi haatenge imwe.
- Iyo shandisa kukosha yemuchina kugona kuburitsa usina kusakara.
- Iyo shandisa kukosha yekomputa ichave yakasiyana kumwana, pane yekugadzira software.
- Iko kukosha kwezvikamu uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikwereti kunochinja mumusika, kuchidzedzereka kusvika zvasvika pane chaicho mutengo wekuchinjana.
- Iyo shandisa kukosha yemuriwo inogona kunge iri yekudyiwa, kana mashandisirwo ayo mukutsanangudzwa kwechimwe chikafu.
- Zvigadzirwa zvakadai semapendi zvinoratidza kukosha kwazvo zvine chekuita nechishandiso chakagadzirwa nevanoziva, chiri chavo mutengo wekuchinjana zvakasiyana zvichienderana nemucherechedzi.
