Zvemukati
- Igneous matombo
- Mienzaniso yematombo ane igneous
- Sedimentary matombo
- Mienzaniso yedombo sedimentary
- Metamorphic matombo
- Mienzaniso yemetamorphic matombo
Iyo matombo ndiwo mubatanidzwa weumwe kana anopfuura zvicherwa. Izvo zvinogadzirwa nemagero maitiro. Matombo anogara achishandurwa nekuita kweakasiyana mageological agents, senge mvura kana mhepo, uye nezvipenyu.
Iyo matombo Ivo vanopatsanurwa zvinoenderana nezvavo zvivakwa:
Igneous matombo
Iyo igneous matombo mhedzisiro ye solidification wemagma. Magma inyonganiso yemaminerari, ndiko kuti, ine imwe fluidity. Magma ine zvese zvicherwa uye magasi asina kugadzikana uye akanyungudika.
Igneous matombo anogona kuvhiringidza kana kuwedzeredza:
- Iyo intrusive matombo, iyo inonzi zvakare ma plutonics, ndiyo yakawanda kwazvo uye inogadzira zvikamu zvakadzama zvevhu pasi.
- Iyo extrusive matombo, inonziwo kuputika kwemakomo, inogadzirwa nekuda kwekutonhora kwemabota ari pamusoro penyika.
Mienzaniso yematombo ane igneous
- Granite (plutonic): pfumbu kana kujeka tsvuku muvara. Yakagadzirwa nequartz, potasium feldspar uye mica.
- Porphyry (plutonic): rakasviba tsvuku muvara. Yakagadzirwa nefeldspar uye quartz.
- Gabbro (plutonic): yakawanda mukugadzirwa. Inoumbwa ne calcium plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, hornblende, uye hypersthene.
- Syenite (plutonic): inosiyaniswa negranite nekuti haina quartz. Inosanganisira feldspar, oligoclases, albite, uye nezvimwe zvicherwa.
- Greenstone (plutonic): yepakati mukuumbwa: maviri-matatu matatu plagioclase uye chetatu-chena mamineral.
- Peridotite (plutonic): rakasviba muvara uye rakanyanya density. Yakagadzirwa ingangoita pyroxene.
- Tonalite (plutonic): inoumbwa nequartz, plagioclase, hornblende, uye biotite.
- Basalt (volcanic): rakasviba muvara, rakagadzirwa nemagnesium uye iron silicates, kuwedzera kune yakaderera silika yezvinyorwa.
- Andesite (volcanic): rakasviba kana riri pakati grey muvara. Yakagadzirwa neplagioclase uye ferromagnesic maminera.
- Rhyolite (volcanic) ye brown, grey kana tsvuku mavara. Yakagadzirwa ne quartz uye potasium feldspar.
- Dacite (volcanic): yakakwira mune yesimbi yezvinyorwa, iyo inoumbwa ne plagioclase feldspar.
- Trachyte (volcanic): inoumbwa ne potassium feldspar uye plagioclase, biotite, pyroxene uye hornblende.
Sedimentary matombo
Iyo sedimentary matombo Izvo zvinoumbwa kubva mukuchinja uye kuparadzwa kwemamwe matombo aimbove aripo. Nenzira iyi, masara emadhipatimendi anoumbwa anogona kugara munzvimbo imwechete kwaanotangira kana anotakurwa nemvura, mhepo, chando kana mafungu egungwa.
Sedimentary matombo anoumbwa ne diagenesis (kuomesa, simende) ye sediments. Izvo zvakasiyana sediment zvinogadzira strata, ndokuti, matanda akaumbwa nedhipoziti.
Mienzaniso yedombo sedimentary
- Gap: detrital sedimentary dombo, rakaumbwa neakango dombo zvidimbu zvakakura kupfuura 2 mamirimita. Zvimedu izvi zvinosanganiswa nesamende chaiyo.
- Sandstone: Detrital sedimentary dombo, yemavara akasiyana, iine clasts saizi yejecha.
- Shale: inokanganisa sedimentary dombo. Yakagadzirwa nematombo anonamira, mune zvidimbu kukura kwevhu nevhu.
- Loam: Inoumbwa necalcite uye ivhu. Inowanzo chena muvara.
- Limestone: Inoumbwa zvakanyanya necalcium carbonate. Inogona kuve chena, nhema kana shava.
Metamorphic matombo
Iyo Metamorphic matombo ndeaaya anogadzirwa nekushanduka kwedombo rapfuura raiiswa munzvimbo ine simba rakasiyana kwazvo kubva pakuumbwa kwayo (semuenzaniso, kutonhora zvakanyanya kana kupisa, kana nekuchinja kwakanyanya).
Metamorphism inogona kufambira mberi kana kudzoreredza. Kufambira mberi kweshanduko kunoitika kana dombo richiiswa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya kana kumanikidza kwakanyanya, asi pasina iko kunyauka.
Kudzvinyirira metamorphism kunoitika kana dombo rakashanduka pakadzika kwakadzika (uko kune kwakanyanya kumanikidza uye kupisa) uye kana uchinge wasvika pamusoro penyika unozoita kusagadzikana uye kuchinja.
Mienzaniso yemetamorphic matombo
- Marble: compact metamorphic dombo rakashanduka kubva kumatombo ematombo akaiswa pasi pekupisa uye kumanikidza. Chinhu chayo chakakosha calcium calcium.
- Gneiss: Inoumbwa nequartz, feldspar uye mica. Kuumbwa kwaro kwakafanana negranite asi inoumba maratidziro emwenje uye erima zvicherwa.
- Quartzite: yakaoma metamorphic rattan ine yakakwira quartz zvemukati.
- Amphibolite: matombo ekare akawanikwa.
- Granulites: inoumbwa neyakaipisisa tembiricha maitiro. Chena muvara, iine garnet inlays. Ivo vanowanikwa pamusoro pemakungwa egungwa.
