20 Mienzaniso yeGasi Inotyisa - Encyclopedia

Vhidhiyo: Демонтаж старого унитаза закрепленный на цементном растворе

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Mienzaniso yemagasi ane chepfu

Iyomagasi ane chepfu Izvo zvinhu zvechinhu chisina kujeka, chisina hunhu, chekushomeka kwemamolekyamu kudyidzana uye kuwedzera kwakawanda kwemuviri, uyo kudyidzana nemuviri wemunhu kunogumbura, kunokuvadza kana kuuraya. Zvakawanda chibereko che maitiro emakemikari yekutanga, yekuzvidira kana kwete, uye kazhinji zvakare inogona kupisa, oxidizers kana zvinokuvadza, saka kubata kwayo kunoda kutarisirwa chaiko.

Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yavo panyama uye nekushandisa kwavo, vanogona kuverengerwa se: kushaya mweya, kushatirisa, kusanganisa, dzimba, zvakasikwa nehondo.

Onawo: Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvinokanganisa

Mienzaniso yemagasi ane chepfu

Carbon monoxide (CO). Imwe yemhando dzakanyanya chepfu dze oxidation kabhoni, iri gasi risina ruvara rinogona kukonzeresa rufu kana richifemerwa muhuwandu hwakawanda. Iyo yakajairwa gasi munyika yeindasitiri: iwo mhedzisiro yemagetsi enjini uye kupisa kwe hydrocarbon uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa.
Sulphur dioxide (SO₂). Inogumbura gasi, isina ruvara, ine hwema hwakanyanya uye soluble mumvura, kuva asidhi: uku ndiko kuita kunoitika mu yakasvibiswa nzvimbo uye inogadzira acid mvura. Iyo inowanzo kuburitswa sechigadzirwa cheanopisa maindasitiri, kunyangwe hazvo iko kwekubatana neiyo yekufema system kunokonzeresa kutsamwa kwakanyanya uye bronchitis.
Gadhi yemasitadhi. Mhuri yemakemikari anotsamwisa anoshandiswa sezvombo zvehondo (kutanga muna 1915, muHondo Yenyika I). Inogona kurapwa nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana: nitrogen masayadhi kana sarufa masayadhi. Kubata navo kunokonzera mablister uye maronda paganda kana mucous membranes uye pakupedzisira kunotungamira mukushungurudzika kutadza kufema.
Mhiripiri. Iyo inozivikanwa zvakare seye misodzi yemweya, inokwanisa kuburitsa zvine mwero uye zvinorwadza kutsamwa kweiyo ocular uye yekufema mucosa, uye kunyangwe kwenguva pfupi kupofomara. Inoshandiswa senzira yekuzvidzivirira yega kana mukuparadzira kuratidzira.
Lewisite. Ikemikari ine chepfu yakawandisa yakagadzirwa neAmerican indasitiri yehondo panguva Yekutanga neChipiri Hondo Yenyika. Kana yafemerwa, inokonzera kupisa kunorwadza, kukosora, kurutsa, kumhanyisa mhino uye pulmonary edema.
Ozone. Iyi gasi inowanikwa zvakasikwa mumhepo, ichitidzivirira kubva kumagetsi ezuva. Izvo zvisingawanzoitika mune zvezuva nezuva nharaunda. Kujekesa kune ozone kunogadzira kutsamwa mugadziriro yekufema uye yekuzvimba bronchial mhinduro. Mukukwirira kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera cyanosis, kuneta zvakanyanya uye kukundikana kweitsvo.
Methane (CH₄). Iyo yakapusa alkane hydrocarbon iripo igasi rinotsva uye rinogona kusvibisa, risina ruvara, risinganhuwi, risingasviki mumvura. Mukukwirira kwakanyanya inogona kudzipwa nekubvisa oxygen kubva kunharaunda.
Butane (C₄H₁₀). Imwe hydrocarbon inogona kutsva uye isina mwero, iyo inowanzo gadzirirwa mudzimba pamwe nekuwedzeredzwa kwezvinonhuwirira, kuitira kuti ione kubuda kwayo, sezvo isina hwema. Izvo zvinogona kunge zvinokachidza. Inogadzira kukotsira, kuona zvisipo uye kurasikirwa kwekuziva kana wafemerwa.
Utsi hwemoto. Inozivikanwa semagasi akavhenganiswa, sezvo iine musanganiswa wakasiyana wemagasi anogumbura uye anodzipa, zvinoenderana nemhando yezvinhu zvakadyiwa mumoto. Ndicho chikonzero chikuru cherufu mumoto, zvichipiwa mitezo yakafara panyama: kudzipwa, kutsamwa kwakanyanya, necrosis, cyanosis, nezvimwe.
Cyanide(CN-). Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvine muchetura zvakanyanya kuzivikanwa uye nemhedzisiro inouraya nekukurumidza. Mune fomu yaro yegasi, ine hwema hwehunhu (hwakafanana nemacnutnuts), iyo yekumhara kwayo yekuwana iri padyo nekuuraya. Mhedzisiro yaro inodzivirira kufema kwemaseru, uye kazhinji inotungamira kukusungwa kwemoyo.
Diatomic chlorine (Cl₂). Inozivikanwa sedichloro, iyo yeyero-girini girini, ine yakasimba uye isingafadzi hwema uye yakanyanya huturu. Iyo yaishandiswa sechombo chehondo muHondo Yenyika I, nekuda kwayo pneumotoxic mhedzisiro mune yepakati kuwanda. Iyo inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemakemikari uye yezvigadzirwa, pamwe nemamwe ma solvents emhuri.
Nitrogen oxidesIni(N₂KANA). Iyo inonziwo gasi inoseka, haina ruvara, inotapira, uye ine chepfu zvishoma. Haitsva kana kuputika, uye inowanzo shandiswa pakurapa nemushonga.
Phosphogen (COCl₂). Gasi rine chepfu, rinoshandiswa semushonga wekuuraya zvipuka uye kuisa muindasitiri yepurasitiki, inogona kusava neruvara kana kutora chimiro chegore jena kana yero. Haiwanikwe yakasikwa chero kupi, haina kupisa, uye ine hwema husingafadzi. Inonyanya kutsamwisa uye kufema.
Amoniya (NH₃). Iyo zvakare inonzi ammonium gasi, haina kuchena uye ine isingafadzi kwazvo uye hunhu hwehunhu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana evanhu, kunyangwe ichikonzera uye ichisvibisa zvakanyanya. Muviri wemunhu unokwanisa kuushandisa kuburikidza neUrea Cycle uye kuuburitsa mumuguta, asi mukuita nemamwe makemikari ine huturu hwakanyanya uye inogona kupisa.
Helium (H). Monatomic gasi inoratidza yakawanda ye anokudzwa gasi zvivakwaHaina ruvara uye haina hwema, yakawanda kwazvo nekuti maitiro e stellar anoigadzira kubva kuhydrogen. Kana ichifemerwa, inoshandura kumhanya kwekupararira kwenzwi, uko kunoguma neinzwi rakakwirira uye nekukasira, asi kuwanda kwakanyanya kunogona kutsiva oxygen nekukonzera kudzipwa. Haisi chepfu yega yega.
Argon (Ar). Imwe yeanokudzwa magasi, isina ruvara uye inert, isiri-inoshanda uye isina kunaka kuitisa kupisa, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemagetsi. Iyo yakapfava asphyxiant, ine huturu hunoenderana nekuderera kweoksijeni mune zvakatipoteredza, saka zvinoda kukwirisa kwayo.
Yakasarudzikahyde (CH₂KANA). Isina gasi isina ruvara ine munhuwi unopinza kwazvo, unogadzirwa ne formaldehyde, kuchengetedza zviumbwa. Iyo inozivikanwa carcinogen uye inogumbura kune yekufema system.
Fluorine (F). Iyo inonyanya kusarudza magetsi uye inogadzikana pazvinhu zvese, igasi rakacheneruka yero ine hwema hunopisa, hune simba rekusunga zinc neodhini inoita kuti ive chepfu zvakanyanya, inokwanisa kukanganisa kushanda kwese kwekudzidza, ndangariro, mahormone, uye mapfupa masisitimu. uye simba remuviri wemunhu.
Acrolein(C₃H₄KANA). Kunyangwe iri mvura iri muchimiro chayo chaicho, inogona kutsva uye inopwa nekukasira kana ichipisa, ichiburitsa gasi rinoshatirisa mweya wekufema, zvine huturu izvo zvisina kunyatso kufundwa, asi zvichinongedzera kukuvadza kwepakati kwemapapu.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂). Natural mhedzisiro yekufema uye akawanda kupisa maitiro, inokwanisa kudzipwa nekushanduka kwemamorekuru eoksijeni, ichiremerwa kupfuura mweya uye isinganetsi kupisa. Iyo haina hwema uye haina ruvara.