Zvemukati
Iyo polymers Iwo makuru mamorekuru (macromolecule) ayo anoumbwa nekubatana kwemaviri kana anopfuura madiki mamorekuru anonzi monomers. MaMonomers akabatana kune mumwe nemumwe kuburikidza ne covalent bond.
Polymers akakosha akakosha macomputer, nekuti mamwe anozadzikisa akakosha mabasa mune zvipenyu semuenzaniso: mapuroteni, DNA. Vazhinji vavo varipo mune zvakasikwa uye mune zvese zvinhu zvakatikomberedza, semuenzaniso: mapurasitiki mutoyi; rabha mumotokari matai; makushe mune juzi.
Zvinoenderana nekwavakabva, ma polymers anogona kusarudzwa se: zvakasikwa, senge starch kana cellulose; semisynthetics, senge nitrocellulose; uye chakagadzirwa, senge nylon kana polycarbonate. Uye zvakare, iwo mamwe ma polymers anogona kuisirwa zvinoenderana nema polymerization mashandiro (maitiro ayo mamomor anopfuura nawo kuita cheni uye kuita polymer), zvinoenderana nekemikari yavo uye maererano nehunhu hwavo hwekupisa.
Polymer mhando
Zvinoenderana nekwakatangira:
- Natural mapolymers. Ndiwo ma polymers anowanikwa mune zvakasikwa. Semuyenzaniso: DNA, starch, silika, mapuroteni.
- Chakagadzirwa polymers. Ndiwo ma polymer akagadzirwa nemunhu kuburikidza nekushandisirwa kwemaindasitiri ema monomers. Semuyenzaniso: mapurasitiki, faibha, rabha.
- Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa polymers. Ndiwo ma polymer anowanikwa nekushandura mapuroymendi chaiwo kuburikidza nemaitiro emakemikari. Semuyenzaniso: etonite, chinyarwand.
- Tevera mukati: Epanyama uye ekugadzira mapuroyimendi
Zvinoenderana neyakagadziriswa maitiro:
- Kuwedzera. Rudzi rwe polymerization inoitika kana iyo mamorekuru mashoma epolymeri ari chaiwo akaenzana ehuremu hwemamonya. Semuyenzaniso: vinyl chloride.
- Condensation. Rudzi rwe polymerization inoitika kana mamorekuru eiyo polymer isiri iyo chaiyo yakawanda yehuremu hwechi monomer, izvi zvinoitika nekuti mukubatana kwemamonor kune kurasikirwa kwemvura kana mamwe mamorekuru. Semuyenzaniso: silicone.
Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwayo:
- Organic polymers. Rudzi rwemapolymers ane maatomu ekabhoni muketani yavo huru. Semuyenzaniso: iyomakushe, donje.
- Vinyl makemikari mapuroteni. Rudzi rwemapolymers ayo akakosha ketani anoumbwa chete nemaatomu ekabhoni. Semuyenzaniso: polyethilini.
- Asina-vinyl organic mapolymers. Rudzi rwemapolymers ane kabhoni uye oksijeni uye / kana maatomu eitrogen muketani yavo huru. Semuyenzaniso: polyesters.
- Inorganic polymers. Rudzi rwemapolymers idzo dzisina maatomu ecarbon muketani yavo huru. Semuyenzaniso: silicones.
Zvinoenderana nehunhu hwayo hwekupisa:
- Inogona kurapwa. Rudzi rwemapolymers ayo, kana tembiricha yavo ikakwira, inoora nemakemikari. Semuyenzaniso: ebonite.
- Thermoplastics. Mhando yemapolymers anogona kupfava kana kusungunuka kana uchipisa uyezve wozowana zvivakwa kana watonhorera. Semuyenzaniso: zvinhu zvenaironi.
- Elastomers. Rudzi rwe mapolymers ayo anogona nyore kugadziriswa uye kuumbwa pasina kurasikirwa kwavo zvivakwa kana chimiro. Semuyenzaniso: rabha, silicone.
- Inogona kukushandira: Yakavharwa zvinhu
Mienzaniso yemapolymers
- Rubha
- Pepa
- Starch
- Mapuroteni
- Wood
- RNA uye DNA
- Vulcanized rabha
- Nitrocellulose
- Zvinhu zvenaironi
- PVC
- Polyethylene
- Polyvinylchloride
- Inotevera ne: Natural uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira
