Zvemukati
Inowanikwa sei ethyl doro?
Iyo kuwana ethyl doro kana ethanol Izvo zvinoitika kubva kumanyuko maviri anogona; chikamu chakakura cheichi chigadzirwa chinowanikwa kubva pakuvira kwezvirimwa senzimbe.
Asi hazvingogone chete kuwana ethyl doro kubva kune sucrose yenzimbe, zvakare zvinokwanisika kuwana uyu mukomboni kubva kune starch yechibage uye cellulose yehuni dzemiti yemiranjisi. Iyo ethyl doro yakawanikwa kubva mukuvirisa iyi inosanganiswa nepeturu uye inoshandiswa semafuta.
Kune rimwe divi, uye pakushandisa kwemaindasitiri, iyi komponi inowanikwa neyakagadzika hydration ye ethylene. Iyo yekupedzisira (iyo inobva ethane kana mafuta) iri gasi risina ruvara iro, rakasanganiswa nesulfuric acid sechinhu chinogadzira, rinogadzira ethyl doro. Nekuda kweiyi synthesis, ethanol inowanikwa nemvura. Gare gare kunatswa kwayo kuri madikanwa.
Kuwana ethanol kubva kunzimbe
Kuvira
Maitiro acho anosanganisira kuvirisa (pamwe nekushandisa mbiriso) nzizi dzemashuga. Nenzira iyi yakaviriswa inofanira kuwanikwa. Nzira yekubvisa doro kubva pane izvi inofanirwa kuburikidza nematanho edhillingi.
Iko kuvirisa kunogadzira shanduko dzemakemikari mushuga. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemaitiro emakemikari emakemikari anonzi maenzyme. Aya ma enzymes anogadzirwa nehupenyu hutachiona senge dzakasiyana mhando dzefungi. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa kune iyi mhando yekuita ndeye Sacharomicies Servericiae, anozivikanwa zviri nani se mbiriso yedoro.
Sulfuric acid, penicillin, ammonium phosphate, zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, uye magnesium sulfate zvinowedzerwa kune ichi mbiriso. Kutenda neichi chiitiko, kubva kune imwe molecule ye sucrose, mana (4) mamorekuru edoro anowanikwa.
Kuwana waini yakachena
Shure kwaizvozvo, ndiro uye kamwene ma centrifuge anoshandiswa kubvisa mbiriso. Izvi zvinogadzira kupatsanurwa kune rumwe ruoko rwembiriso (iine kugadzikana kunoenderana nekitsi inogona kushandiswazve kumwe kuvirisa kana ikapihwa kudya kwakakwana uye acclimatization) uye kune imwe iyo inofanirwa isina mbiriso inogamuchira zita re waini yakachena.
Dhavhidha ikholamu
Kana waini yakachena ichipinda mumakoramu edhiringi, zvigadzirwa zviviri zvinowanikwa; stillage uye phlegm. Nepo kudhiraira kusina doro, phlegm ine musanganiswa wedoro. Iyo yekupedzisira inozonatswa mumakoramu senge distiller asi ayo anonzi ekuchenesa.
Makoramu ekukwesha
Vanochenesa ava vanowana kupatsanurwa kwedoro dzakasiyana senge esters, aldehydes, ketoni, nezvimwe (izvo zvinodaidzwa zvakare se Kunaka Kwakashata Ethyl Doro).
Maitiro ekudzorerazve
Kutenda nehurongwa hwekudzokorora, izvi Kunwa Kwakashata Doro vanodzokera kukoramu. Nenzira iyi, vanoisa pfungwa phlegm yakanatswa. Iyi phlegm inoita basa rakakosha mukomboni yekugadzirisa; enderera mberi nekuchenesa doro.
Rectifier ikholamu
Iyi yekupedzisira kugadzirisa ikholamu inozoparadzanisa akasiyana madoro. Nekudaro, muchikamu chezasi ichave iri mvura uye yakanyanya doro. Kunaka kwakashata uye isopropyl alcohol icharamba iri muchikamu chepakati. Pakupedzisira, pamusoro pekoramu, iyo kuravira kwakanaka ethyl doro ine muzana yakakomberedza 96 °.
