Zvemukati
Iyoremagetsi Iri bazi refizikisi rinosvika kuminda yemagetsi nemagineti kubva mukubatanidza dzidziso. Iwo mamwe masimba akakosha (kana kudyidzana kwakakosha) ndeyekuvheneka uye kwakasimba uye kusasimba kudyidzana kwenyukireya.
Iyo ye electromagnetism idanho remunda, ndokuti, zvichibva pahukuru hwepanyama vector kana tensor, zvinoenderana nechinzvimbo muchadenga nenguva. Iyo yakavakirwa pamana vector kusiyana kusiyanisa (kwakagadzirwa naMichael Faraday uye kwakagadziriswa kekutanga naJames Clerk Maxwell, ndosaka vakabhabhatidzwa se Maxwell equations) iyo inobvumidza iyo yekudyidzana kudzidza kwemagetsi nemagineti minda, pamwe nemagetsi magetsi, magetsi polarization uye magnetic polarization.
Kune rimwe divi, electromagnetism idiki macroscopic dzidziso.Izvi zvinoreva kuti inotsvaga makemikari makuru emagetsi, anoshanda kune huwandu hwakawanda hwezvimedu uye madaro akareba, nekuti pamatanho eatomiki nemamorekuru zvinopa nzira kune imwe nhanho, inozivikanwa seyakawandisa makanika.
Kunyangwe zvakadaro, mushure mekushandurwa kwequantum yezana ramakumi maviri, kutsvagiswa kweiyo quantum dzidziso yemagetsi inofambidzana yakaitwa, nokudaro zvichipa mukana wequantum electrodynamics.
- Onawo: Magnetic zvinhu
Electromagnetism kunyorera nzvimbo
Iyi fizikisi yefizikiki yave yakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwedzidziso dzakawanda uye matekinoroji, kunyanya mainjiniya nemagetsi, pamwe nekuchengetedza magetsi uye kunyangwe kushandiswa kwayo munzvimbo dzehutano, aeronautics kana kuvaka. Mumaguta.
Iyo inonzi Second Industrial Revolution kana Technological Revolution yaisazogoneka pasina kukunda kwemagetsi nemagetsi emagetsi.
Mienzaniso yekushandisa kwemagetsi emagetsi
- Zvidhindo. Iyo michina yemidziyo yemazuva ese inosanganisira kutenderera kwechaji yemagetsi kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi, ane simba remagineti rinokwezva sando diki yesimbi yakananga kubhero, ichikanganisa dunhu uye ichiitendera kuti itangezve, saka sando inorirova ichidzokororazve uye inoburitsa ruzha inobata pfungwa dzedu.
- Magnetic kuturika zvitima. Panzvimbo pekuumburuka pazvitima senge zvakajairika zvitima, iyi yekupedzisira-tekinoroji chitima modhi inobatwa mune yemagineti levitation nekuda kwemagetsi emagetsi akaiswa muchikamu chayo chepasi. Nekudaro, iko kutsamwa kwemagetsi pakati pemagineti nesimbi yepuratifomu panomhira chitima kunochengeta huremu hwemotokari mumhepo.
- Shanduko dzemagetsi. Shanduko, idzo dziviriro dzemagetsi idzo mune dzimwe nyika dzatinoona patambo dzemagetsi, dzinoshandira kudzora (kuwedzera kana kudzikisa) iwo magetsi eiyi iriko inochinja. Vanoita izvi kuburikidza nemakoiri akarongedzwa akakomberedza simbi simbi, ine magetsi emagetsi minda inobvumidza kusimba kwenzvimbo irikubuda kugadziriswa.
- Magetsi emagetsi. Magetsi emagetsi michina yemagetsi iyo, nekutenderera yakakomberedza axis, inoshandura simba remagetsi kuita magetsi. Simba iri ndiro rinogadzira kufamba kwenhare. Kushanda kwayo kunoenderana nemagetsi emagetsi ekukwezva nekusemesa pakati pemagineti uye coil iyo inotenderera magetsi.
- Dynamos. Midziyo iyi inoshandiswa kutora mukana wekutenderera kwemavhiri emota, senge mota, kutenderedza magineti uye kuburitsa magineti inodyisa inochinjika yazvino kuenda kumakoiri.
- Runhare. Iwo mashiripiti ari seri kwechigadzirwa chezuva nezuva hapana chimwe kunze kwekugona kushandura mafungu ezwi (senge izwi) kuita modemu yemagetsi yemagetsi magetsi ayo anogona kutapurirwa, kutanga netambo, kune anogamuchira kune rimwe divi iro rinokwanisa kudurura kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa magetsi ane magetsi.
- Microwave hovhoni. Izvi zvishandiso zvinoshanda kubva kuchizvarwa uye kuwanda kwemagetsi emagetsi pane chikafu. Aya masaisai akafanana neaya anoshandiswa pakukurukurirana neredhiyo, asi aine huwandu hwakawanda hunotenderera iwo madiploma (magineti zvimedu) zvechikafu nekumhanya kwakanyanya, sezvavanoedza kuzvibatanidza neinoguma magineti. Iko kufamba ndiko kunokonzera kupisa.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Uku kurapwa kwekushandisa kwemagetsi emagetsi kwave kuri kusati kwamboitika mune zvehutano, sezvo ichibvumidza kuongorora nenzira isinga pindire mukati memuviri wevanhu vapenyu, kubva mukumanikidza kwemagetsi kwemaatomu ehydrogen arimo, kugadzira munda inodudzirwa nemakomputa akasarudzika.
- Maikorofoni Izvi zvishandiso zvakajairika nhasi zvinoshanda nekutenda kune diaphragm inokwezva nemagetsi emagetsi, ane hukasha kumasaisai anorira anovatendera kuti vashandurirwe muchiratidzo chemagetsi. Izvi zvinokwanisa kubva zvofambiswa nekunyorwa kure kure, kana kunyangwe kuchengetwa uye kuburitswazve gare gare.
- Maseru maseru. Icho chigadzirwa chinobvumira kuumbwa kwemamwe makemikari makemikari kuti aongororwe nemazvo chaizvo, zvichibva pane kupatsanura kwemagineti kwemaatomu anovanyora, kuburikidza neionization yavo uye kuverenga nekombuta yakasarudzika.
- Oscilloscopes. Midziyo yemagetsi ine chinangwa chekumiririra nemasaini masaini emagetsi akasiyana nenguva, ichibva kune imwe sosi. Kuti vaite izvi, ivo vanoshandisa yekubatanidza axis pachiratidziro chine mitsara iri chigadzirwa cheyero yematanho kubva kune yakatemwa magetsi chiratidzo. Ivo anoshandiswa mukurapa kuyera mashandiro emoyo, huropi, kana zvimwe nhengo.
- Magnetic makadhi. Iyi tekinoroji inobvumidza kuvapo kwemakadhi echikwereti kana echikwereti, ayo ane tepi yemagineti yakarongedzwa neimwe nzira, kunyorera ruzivo rwakavakirwa pakatarisana neayo maferromagnetic particles. Nekuunza ruzivo mukati mavo, iwo akasarudzwa michina polarize akati ma particles neimwe nzira, kuitira kuti rondedzero iyoyo inogona "kuverengwa" kuti itore ruzivo.
- Dhijitari yekuchengetera pane magnetic matepi. Kiyi munyika yekomputa uye makomputa, inobvumidza kuchengetedza yakawanda ruzivo rwemagineti disks ane ayo polarized mune imwe nzira uye anogona kududzirwa necomputer system. Aya ma disks anogona kubviswa, sepeni dhiraivha kana ikozvino dhisiki dhisiki, kana anogona kuve anogara nekusingaperi uye akaomarara, kunge madhiraivha akaomarara.
- Magnetic ngoma. Iyi modhi yekuchengetedza dhata, inozivikanwa muma1950 nema1960, yaive yemamwe mafomu ekutanga ekuchengetera dhata. Iyo isina buri simbi humburumbira iyo inotenderera nekukwira kumhanya, yakakomberedzwa nemagineti (iron oxide) umo ruzivo runoprindwa nenzira yekodhi yekuparadzanisa. Kusiyana nemadhisiki, iyo yanga isina musoro wekuverenga uye izvo zvaibvumira kumwe kugona mukudzosa ruzivo.
- Mwenje yebhasikoro. Mwenje yakavakirwa kumberi kwemabhasikoro, ayo anotenderera kana uchifamba, anoshanda nekutenderera kwevhiri rakabatanidzwa nemagineti, kutenderera kwaro kunogadzira magineti uye nekudaro sosi ine mwero yekuchinjana magetsi. Iyi yemagetsi inobhadhariswa inozoendeswa kubhuruu ndokushandurwa ikava mwenje.
- Enderera ne: Mhangura kunyorera
