Makemikari Mabhesi

Zvemukati

• Zvishandiso zvezvigadziko
• Mienzaniso yezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari

A makemikari base ndizvozvo chete fuma inonyungudika inosunungura mahydroxyl ions (OH^–). Makemikari mabhesheni anozivikanwawo sealkalis, nekuti nekuparadzanisa uye kuburitsa hydroxyl mapoka, iyo pH yemhinduro dzinowedzera, ndiko kuti, mhinduro yacho inova alkaline. Izvi zvinopesana nezvinoitika kana a acid, nekuti pakadaro pH inoderera uye mhinduro yacho inova acidic.

Iyo zvigadziko vane hunhu hunorwadza. Mushure mekupedza, mhinduro dzinoguma dzinoitisa magetsi emagetsi (nekuda kwekuvapo kweion) uye ivo vanowanzo kuve vanokanganisa uye vanotsamwisa kune ganda uye dzimwe nyama dzevanhu nemhuka.

Zvigadziko vanoomesa asidi, kazhinji vachigadzira munyu. Mhinduro dzealkaline dzinonzwa senge dzinotsvedza kana sipo; Izvi zvinoitika nekuti ivo vanobva vaburitsa iyo saponification yeiyo mafuta iripo pamusoro pechiso cheganda.

Iyo solubility yehydroxide inoenderana nesimbi: iwo eboka (I) ndiwo akanyungudika kwazvo mumvura, kune rimwe divi, mahydroxide echinhu ane degree re oxidation (II) haanyungudike uye iwo e degree of oxidation (III) kana (IV) anenge asingapindiki . Amines uye nucleic acid mabheseni ndiwo akapararira zvakanyanya e organic zvigadziko.

Zvishandiso zvezvigadziko

Sodium hydroxide inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri: ndiyo inonzi caustic soda. Mukugadzirwa kwe sipo mafuta emhuka kana emuriwo anoshandiswa, ayo anobikwa nawo hydroxide sodium, saka sodium stearate inoumbwa.

Sodium hydroxide inoshandiswawo mukugadzira machira eovheni, mukugadzira pepuru pulp uye zvimwe vanochenesa dzimba. Imwe nzvimbo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya calcium calcium hydroxide, inova iyo lime kure iyo inoshandiswa mukuvaka.

Mienzaniso yezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari