Organic uye Inorganic mamorekuru

Zvemukati

• Organic mamorekuru
• Inorganic Mamorekuru
• Mienzaniso yemamorekuru emakemikari
• Mienzaniso yemamorekuru asina kujairika

Chemistry inosiyanisa pakati pemhando mbiri dze mamorekuru yenyaya yacho, maererano mhando yemaatomu izvo zvinovaumba: mamorekuru emakemikari uye inorganic mamorekuru.

Musiyano wakakosha pakati pemhando mbiri dzemorekuru (uye pakati pezvinhu zvinoumbwa navo) zvakavakirwa, kupfuura chero chinhu, muhupo hwekabhoni (C) maatomu anogadzira zvisungo zvinowirirana nemamwe maatomu ecarbon kana nemaatomu ehydrogen (H), pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinowanzoitika zvakaita seoksijeni (O), nitrogen (N), Sarufa (S), Phosphorus (P) uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Mamorekuru ane iyi kabhoni-yakavakirwa chimiro dzinozivikanwa se organic mamorekuru uye akakosha kuhupenyu sekuziva kwedu.

• Tarisa: Organic uye Inorganic Makemikari

Organic mamorekuru

Chimwe chikuru hunhu makemikari zvinhu zvavo kupisa, ndiko kuti vanogona kupisa uye kurasikirwa kana kushandura chimiro chavo chepakutanga, sezvazvakaita nemahydrocarbon anoita iyo zvisaririra. Kune rimwe divi, kune mhando mbiri dzezvinhu zvakasikwa, zvinoenderana nekwakabva.

• Natural mamorekuru. Izvo zvakagadzirwa ne zvisikwa zvipenyu uye izvo zvinoumba zvivakwa zvakakosha zvekushanda pamwe nekukura kwemiviri yavo. Ivo vanozivikanwa se biomolecule.
• Chakagadzirwa mamorekuru. Ivo vane kwavakabva mavoko kuruoko rwemunhu, sezvo ivo vasipo mune zvakasikwa zvakadaro. Iyi ndiyo mamiriro epurasitiki, semuenzaniso.

Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti zvakafara kunongova nemhando ina chete dzemakemikari mamorekuru anoumba muviri wevapenyu: protein, lipids, makabhohaidhiretsi, nucleotides uye madiki mamorekuru.

Inorganic Mamorekuru

Iyo inorganic mamorekuru, Chechipiri, Izvo hazvisi zvinoenderana nekabhoni, asi zvimwe zvakasiyana zvinhu, ndosaka ivo vane chikwereti kwavakabva kumasimba ekunze kwehupenyu, senge chiito chemagetsi emagetsi nematanho akasiyana enyukireya anotendera maitiro emakemikari. Iwo maatomic zvisungo mune iyi mhando yemamorekuru anogona kuva ionic (electrovalent) kana covalent, asi mhedzisiro yavo haisati iri mamorekuru anorarama.

Mutsara unokamura pakati pemamorekuru uye zvisikwa zvisina kujairika zvakawanzobvunzwa uye kutorwa senge zvinopesana, sezvo zvinhu zvakawanda zvisina kugadzirwa zvine kabhoni nehydrogen. Nekudaro, iwo mutemo wakasimbiswa unoratidza izvozvo mamorekuru ese akavakirwa pakabhoni, asi haasi ese mamorekuru emakoni ari ehupenyu.

• Onawo: Organic uye Inorganic Nyaya

Mienzaniso yemamorekuru emakemikari

1. Glucose (C₆H₁₂KANA₆). Imwe yeshuga huru (makabhohaidhiretsi) ayo anoshanda sehwaro hwekuvakwa kwemapolymers akasiyana siyana (simba rekuchengetera kana basa renyika), uye kubva mukugadzirisa kwaro kwemakemikari, mhuka dzinowana simba radzo rinokosha (kufema).
2. Cellulose (C₆H₁₀KANA₅). Biopolymer yakakosha kune hupenyu hwezvirimwa uye yakawanda kwazvo biomolecule papasi. Pasina iyo, zvaisazokwanisika kuvaka rusero rusero rwemasero emiti, saka imolekuru ine irreplaceable inogadziriswa mabasa.
3. Fructose (C.₆H₁₂KANA₆). Shuga monosaccharide iripo mumichero, miriwo uye huchi, ine fomula yakafanana asi chimiro chakasiyana cheshuga (ndiyo isomer). Pamwe chete neyekupedzisira, inogadzira sucrose kana yakajairika tafura shuga.
4. Fomu acid (CH₂KANA₂). Iyo yakapusa organic acid iripo, inoshandiswa nemasvosve nenyuchi sechinhu chinotsamwisa nzira dzadzo dzekudzivirira. Iyo zvakare yakavanzwa nerukato uye nezvimwe zvinomera zvinoruma, uye iri chikamu chemakomponi anoumba huchi.
5. Methane (CH₄). Iyo hydrocarbon Iyo alkane yakapusa pane dzese, ine gaseous fomu isina kuchena, isina kunhuwa uye insoluble mumvura. Icho chikamu chikuru chegasi rechisikirwo uye chinowanzo gadzirwa chemitambo yekugaya mhuka.
6. Collagen Puroteni inodiwa pakuumbwa kwemicheka, yakajairika kumhuka dzese uye inogadzira mapfupa, tendon uye ganda, izvo zvinowedzera kusvika ku25% yemapuroteni akazara emuviri wemammalia.
7. Benzene (C₆H₆). Inonhuhwirira yehydrocarbon inoumbwa nemaatomu matanhatu erabhoni mune hexagon yakakwana uye yakabatana nehydrogen zvisungo, imvura isina ruvara ine hwema hunopisa zvikuru hunopisa. Inozivikanwa seyakakosha mamorekuru ezvese organic chemistry, nekuti ndiyo pokutangira mukuvakwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvakaomarara organic zvinhu.
8. DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid inonzi nucleotide polymer uye yakakosha mamorekuru ezvisikwa zvezvinhu zvipenyu, izvo mirairo inobvumidza kudzokororwa kwezvinhu zvese zvakakosha pakuumbwa kwayo, kushanda uye pakupedzisira kubereka. Pasina ivo, kutapurirana nhaka kungave kusingaiti.
9. RNA. Ribonucleic acid ndiyo imwe yakakosha mamorekuru mune synthesis yemapuroteni uye zvinhu zvinogadzira zvipenyu. Yakagadzirwa necheni ye ribonucleotides, inovimba neDNA yekuitwa uye kuburitswa kwemajini kodhi, kiyi musero kupatsanurwa uye mubumbiro remhando dzese dzakaomarara hupenyu mafomu.
10. Cholesterol. Lipid iripo mumuviri munyama uye plasma yeropa yeiyo vertebrates, yakakosha mubumbiro replasma membrane yemasero, kunyangwe hazvo huwandu hwayo hwakanyanya muropa hunogona kukonzera matambudziko mukutenderera kweropa.

Mienzaniso yemamorekuru asina kujairika

1. Carbon Monoxide (CO). Kunyangwe paine kabhoni imwe chete neatomu imwe yeoksijeni, iri inorganic molecule uye a kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza yakanyanya chepfu, ndiko kuti, yekuvapo kusingaenderane neruzhinji rwevanozivikanwa vapenyu.
2. Mvura (H₂KANA). Kunyangwe ichikosha kuhupenyu uye pamwe imwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa uye akawanda mamorekuru, mvura haina kujairika. Iyo inokwanisa kuve nezvinhu zvipenyu mukati mayo, sehove, uye iri mukati mezvisikwa zvipenyu, asi haina kurarama mushe.
3. Amoniya (NH₃). Isina gasi isina ruvara ine hwema hunosemesa, kuvapo kwayo mune zvipenyu kuri chepfu uye inouraya, kunyangwe iri chibereko-chemaitiro mazhinji ehupenyu. Ndokusaka yakaburitswa kubva mumiviri yavo, mune weti, semuenzaniso.
4. Sodium chloride (NaCl). Morekuru remunyu wakajairika, unonyungudika mumvura uye uripo muzvinhu zvipenyu, unoimedza kuburikidza nekudya kwavo uye kurasa kuwandisa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana siyana dzemagetsi.
5. Calcium oxide (CaO). Inozivikanwa sedimu kana kukurumidza, inobva kumatombo ematombo uye yakagara ichishandiswa munhoroondo mukuvaka basa kana mukugadzirwa kwe moto wechiGiriki.
6. Ozone (O₃). Chinhu chakareba chiripo muchikamu chepamusoro chemuchadenga (iyo ozone layer) iyo yakasarudzika mamiriro ayo anoitendera kuti ivepo, nekuti kazhinji zvisungo zvayo zvinoora uyezve kugadzirisa diatomic fomu (O₂). Inoshandiswa pakuchenesa mvura, asi muhuwandu hwakawanda inogona kutsamwisa uye ine chepfu zvishoma.
7. Ferric oxide (Fe₂KANA₃). Yakajairwa iron oxide, simbi yakareba inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana evanhu, yakatsvukuruka muvara uye haina kunaka conductor yemagetsi. Iko kupisa kwakatsiga uye kunonyungudika nyore mukati acids, ichipa mamwe makemikari.
8. Helium (Iye). Gasi rakanaka, pamwe neArgon, neon, xenon uye krypton, yakadzika kwazvo kana isina kukwana kemikari reactivity, irimo mune yayo monatomic fomula.
9. Carbon dioxide (CO₂). Molecule inokonzerwa nekufema, iyo inoidzinga, asi inofanirwa kumuchina photosynthesis, inoitora kubva mudenga. Icho chinhu chakakosha chehupenyu, asi chisingakwanise kuvaka mamorekuru emakemikari, kunyangwe iine kabhoni maatomu.
10. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Makristal machena asinganhuwi, anozivikanwa se caustic soda, ndiwo akasimba base, ndiko kuti, chinhu chakanyanya desiccant, icho chinoita zvisingaite (kugadzira kupisa) kana chanyungudutswa mumvura. Mukubatana nezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinogadzira kukuvara kwetsvina.

Inogona kukushandira:

• Mienzaniso yeMamorekuru
• Mienzaniso yeMacromolecule
• Mienzaniso yeBiomolecule
• Mienzaniso yeBiochemistry