Zvemukati
Iyo alkenes ndiwo macomputer ane kabhoni-kaboni zvisungo zviviri, pindura kune iyo molekyura fomula CnH2n; Inorganic alkenes inonziwo olefini uye inoenderana neiyo hydrocarbon boka unsaturated aliphatics, yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwepetroleum.
Iko kune pfupi, yepakati kana yakareba cheni; kune zvekare cyclic alkenes kana cycloalkenes uye kune mamwe maalkenes mukati me organic makemikari.
Iyoalkenes, kuva nekabhoni-kabhoni chisungo chakapetana, vane mahydrojeni mashoma pane alkane nenhamba yakaenzana yemaatomu ekabhoni. Nzvimbo yemabond bond inoratidzirwa nekuisa pamberi pechimbichimbi "-enoChirevo chekutanga cheLatin chinoratidza huwandu hwekabhoni panotangira zvisungo zviviri (tetra, penta, octa, nezvimwe). zvinotsiva (kazhinji klorini, bromine, ethyl, methyl, nezvimwewo) zvinonzi mazita ekutanga (pakutanga kwezita), zvakatsanangurwa uye zvakarongeka.
Ongorora: Tichifunga nezvekuti rakaomarara sei zita remakemikari rakamisikidzwa zvinoenderana neIUPAC maitiro, mazhinji echisikigo alkenes ane mazita anoshamisira, anowanzoenderana neanobva masosi.
Iyo alkenes anosvika mana macaroni ari magasi pane tembiricha yemukati, ayo ane mana kusvika gumi nemasere macaroni ari zvinwiwa uye dzakareba pane yakasimba. Iyo inogadziriswa mune zvisikwa zvinogadziriswa senge ether kana doro, uye yakati rebei kupfuura alkanes dzinoenderana, kunyangwe iine poindi yekunyungudika yakadzika uye poindi yekubikira. Nekuda kwekukakavadzana kunogadzirwa nehukama huviri, chinhambwe pakati pamaatomu ecarbon chi1,34 angstroms mune alkene, uye 1.50 angstroms mune inoenderana alkane.
Ivo vanopa yakanyanya kukwirazve reactivity kupfuura alkanes, chaizvo nekuti iine iwo maviri mabondoni, ayo anogona kutyora nekutendera kuwedzerwa kwe mamwe maatomu, kazhinji hydrogen kana halogen. Ivo vanogona zvakare kusangana oxidation uye polymerization. Alkenes anowanzo kuve necis-trans isomerism kana stereoisomerism, sezvo maatomu ekabhoni akabatanidzwa nekaviri bond haakwanise kutenderera uye izvi zvinogadzira ndege dzakasiyana. Alkenes ane maviri akapetwa zvisungo anonzi dienes, uye avo vane anopfuura maviri maviri mabhandi anowanzoidzwa kunzi polyenes.
At chirimwa nyika alkenes akawandisa uye ane akakosha epanyama mabasa, sekumisikidza kweiyo michero yekumesa michero kana kusefa kweimwe mwaranzi yezuva. Iyo chemakemikari chimiro chemakemikari alkenes anowanzo kuve akaomarara uye anosanganisira macarbon cheni nemaketeni. Mimwe michero yakadai semakarotsi kana madomasi, uye mamwe ma crustaceans akaita semakanje, anogadzira huwandu hwakakura hwe beta carotene, yakakosha alkene iyo inotungamira vhitamini A.
Mienzaniso ye alkenes
| Ethylene kana ethene | 2-methyl propene |
| Cholesterol | 5,6-dimethyl-3-propyl-heptene |
| Butadiene | cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene |
| Lycopene | tetrafluoroethylene |
| Geraniol | 5-bromo-3-methyl-3-hexene |
| Limonene | Rhodopsin |
| Mycenae | Propene kana propylene |
| Butene | 7,7,8-trimethyl-3,5-nonadiene |
| Lanosterol | 3,3 diethyl-1,4-hexadiene |
| Camphor | Mentofuran |
Inogona kukushandira:
- Mienzaniso yeAlkanes
- Mienzaniso yeHydrocarbon
- Mienzaniso yeAlkynes
