Zvemukati
Iyo zvemagariro chokwadi, maererano nesocialology uye anthropology, vari iwo mafungiro ehunhu ekuzvibata kwevanhu anogadzirwa kubva munharaunda uye ari ekunze kune mumwe munhu, anomanikidza uye pamwe chete. Izvo, saka, hunhu uye pfungwa dzakasarudzika munharaunda.
Pfungwa iyi yakaumbwa naFrench nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Emile Durkheim muna 1895, uye funga chimiro chekushandurwa kwemukati mechinhu choga choga, kumumanikidza kuti anzwe, afunge uye aite neimwe nzira, zvakafanana nenzanga.
Chidzidzo chinogona, zvisinei, kupikisa ichi chekudyidzana mvumo, nekudaro ichisimbisa iye zvemukati nekuzvimiririra, sezvinoita maartist. Nekudaro, kutyora kwehukama chokwadi kunogona kuva nemhedzisiro kwavari, sekudzvinyirira kwevamwe kana, zvichienderana nesosaiti uye neicho chokwadi, kusagamuchirwa uye kurangwa.
Mhando dzezvemagariro chokwadi
Chokwadi chemagariro chinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu:
- Morphological. Ivo vanogadzira nzanga uye vanoraira kutora chikamu kwevanhu munzvimbo dzavo dzakasiyana.
- Masangano. Zvemagariro chokwadi zvatove munharaunda uye izvo zvinozivikanwa chikamu chehupenyu mairi.
- Currents emafungiro. Ivo vanoteerera zvakanyanya kana zvishoma ephemeral mafashoni nemaitiro, kana izvo zvinowana zvakanyanya kana zvishoma simba zvinoenderana nenguva yenharaunda, uye vanosundira nzanga kuenda kune imwe nzira yekuzviisa pasi zvine chekuita nechimwe chinhu.
Aya ehupenyu hwehukama anogara achizivikanwa nenhengo dzese dzenzanga, dzakagovaniswa kana kwete, uye vanozvimisikidza pachavo nekuvaremekedza, nekuda kana kupokana, pasina kumbofanirwa kutaurwa nezvayo munzira ipi neipi. Nenzira iyi, maitiro acho anodzoserwa kumashure: zviitiko zvemagariro zvinokanganisa vanhu nevanhu uye vanogadzira uye vagadzikise magariro masimba..
Pakupedzisira, kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yekutarisa, mativi ese ekuzviisa pasi kwevanhu: mutauro, chinamato, hunhu, tsika, zvimiro zvemagariro izvo zvinopa iye munhu chinhu chemunharaunda.
Onawo: Mienzaniso yemaitiro etsika
Mienzaniso yezvemagariro chokwadi
- Kuombera mushure mekuita. Hunhu hwemagariro hunotenderwa nekusimudzirwa mushure mechiito chechimwe chimiro kuombera pamwe, uye muenzaniso wakakwana uye wakapusa wechokwadi chezvemagariro. Vapindi vanozoziva nguva yekuombera uye sei, pasina munhu anovatsanangurira izvozvikungotorwa nevanhu. Kwete kuombera, kune rumwe rutivi, kwaizotorwa sechiratidzo chekuzvidza chiitiko ichi.
- Kuyambuka kwevaKaturike. Pakati penharaunda yevaKaturike, muchinjikwa chikamu chakadzidza uye chakatemwa chetsika, icho chisingaitwe chete pakupera kweMisa kana pane dzimwe nguva dzinoratidzwa nemufundisi weparishi, asi zvakare zvinoitika panguva dzakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva: pamberi pe nhau dzakaipa, sechiratidzo chekudzivirira kubva pachiitiko chinonakidza, nezvimwe. Hapana munhu anofanira kuvaudza nguva yekuzviita, icho chinongova chikamu chemanzwiro akadzidza.
- Nyika. Kuda nyika, kuzvipira kuzviratidzo zvekuda nyika, uye mamwe maitiro ekutsigira nyika anokurudzirwa pachena nenzanga zhinji mukupindura maitiro epasi ekuzvidza wega. Mativi ese ari maviri, chauvinism (kunyanya kuda nyika) kana malinchismo (kuzvidza zvese nyika) zvinoumba zvemagariro..
- Sarudzo. Maitiro esarudzo akakosha mune zvemagariro ehupenyu hweRepublican hwenyika, ndosaka vachiisirwa nehurumende sedanho rekutora chikamu kwezvematongerwo enyika, kazhinji zvinomanikidzwa.. Kusatora chikamu mazviri kunogona, kunyangwe ikasatakura zvirango zviri pamutemo, kusagamuchirwa nevamwe.
- Kuratidzira kana kuratidzira. Imwe nzira yekurongeka kwevagari kutora chikamu kuratidzira, uko ivo vanowanzo simuka kubva mukufunga kwemunhu mudiki kana boka uyezve vanomuka kuti vaunganidze nekusimbisa pfungwa yenharaunda yevanhu vazhinji., dzimwe nguva kuvasundidzira kuzviito zvekusaita hanya (kukanda matombo kumapurisa), vachizviisa kudzvanyiriri kana kutotyora mitemo (sekubavha).
- Hondo nehondo dzehondo. Chinhu chakakosha munharaunda munhoroondo yevanhu ihondo nemakakatanwa, zvinosuwisa. Aya echimbichimbi mamiriro echisimba anochinja zvese zvemagariro, zvemutemo uye zvematongerwo enyika zvemarudzi uye anosungira nharaunda kuti dziite neimwe nzira.: kurwa uye kudzvinyirira, seuto, kana mhirizhonga uye kuzvida, senge zviri mune vanhu vakabatwa munzvimbo dzinopesana.
- Coups d'etat. Kuchinja kwechisimba kwehurumende ndiwo mamiriro ekunze kune vamwe vanhu asi izvo zvinomanikidza kumwe kunzwa, semuenzaniso, wemufaro uye zororo pakukundwa kwemudzvanyiriri, kwetariro pakuuya kwesimba reboka rinomukira, kana kushushikana uye kutya panotanga hurumende dzisingadiwe.
- Mhirizhonga yemumaguta. Munyika zhinji dzine mwero wakakwirira wemhirizhonga yematsotsi, senge Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, nezvimwe. huwandu hwezviitiko zvematsotsi hunoumba chokwadi chevanhu, kubvira izvo zvinoshandura manzwiro anoita vanhu, kufunga uye maitiro, kazhinji kuvasundira munzvimbo dzakanyanya uye vachibvumira kuurayiwa kwematsotsi kana maitiro echisimba zvakaenzana kwavanoramba.
- Dambudziko rehupfumi. Izvo zvinhu zvematambudziko ehupfumi, izvo zvinoshandura zvakanyanya nzira iyo vanhu vanofambidzana nayo mukutengesa, ndeyemagariro chokwadi che kukanganisa kwakanyanya pamanzwiro (kuunza kushushikana, kushungurudzika, kutsamwa), maonero (kutsvaga mhosva, xenophobia inomuka) uye kuita (kuvhota kwevanhu vanofarira, vanodya zvishoma, nezvimwewo) zvevanhu vakanganiswa.
- Ugandanga. Kuita kwesero remagandanga mumasangano akarongeka kune zvakakosha kuita, izvo zvatakaona muEurope kutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri nemasere: kumutswa patsva kwemapapiro erudyi, kutya uye kuzvidza vekunze, Islamophobia, muchidimbu, manzwiro akasiyana siyana anoiswa pamunhu kubva kwete kwete chete zviito zvechisimba zvevanyanyisa, asi kubva kunhau dzese dzenhau dzakarukwa.
- Inogona kukushandira: Mienzaniso yeSocial Phenomena
