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Zvemukati
Chimwe chezvikamu zvakajairika chinopatsanura mhuka dzepanyika kubva kune dzemumvura, zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yavanogara. Musiyano, muchokwadi, unowanzo sangana neyakafemereka mashandiro, sezvo zvakajairika kuti mhuka dzepasi dzinosanganisira oxygen kubva mumhepo, nepo mhuka dzemumvura dziine magirosi ekubvisa iyo yakanyungudika okisijeni mumvura.
MHUKA DZENYIKA
Iyo mhuka dzemumvura Ndeavo vanovimba nemvura kuti vawane chouviri, vazhinji vacho vanokwanisa kufema mairi. Kune mamwe, zvisinei, kuti kunyangwe ari emumvura, anofanirwa kuuya pamusoro kuzotora oxygen.
Kazhinji, kuumbwa kwemhuka dzemumvura kwakakosha uye kunoenderana nechidimbu chekugara munzvimbo iyoyo, kubvira mamwe ane zvimbi, mamwe mabasal disc kana makomba: Iyi kirasi yemhuka yaifanirwa kujairana nehupenyu hupenyu hwegungwa, kumafungu uye nekusiyana kwakasiyana kwemvura inogadzirwa. Masikero neropa rakachenuruka zvakare mafomu ekuratidzwa kworudzi urwu rwehupenyu, nekuti vaifanira kuchinjika kune akasiyana tembiricha yemvura.
Zvichida mhando yemhuka yakajairika munharaunda yemumvura ndiyo hove, havadi kubuda mumvura kune chero chavanoda (asi, kubuda mumvura ndiko kunovauraya). Hove huru kwazvo pasi rose dzinovaita boka mukati rayo, vari ve boka remhuka nemagirizi ekufema pasi pemvura. Nekudaro, zhinji dzemhuka dzemumvura dzinowira mune mamwe mapoka, senge zvipuka zvemumvura kana echinoderms yemumvura.
Mienzaniso yemhuka dzemumvura
| Squid | Chisimbiso |
| Hove dzeshumba | Gungwa shumba |
| Frank whale | Zvakajairwa ancistrus |
| magetsi eel | jellyfish |
| Cucumber yegungwa | Sepia |
| Sardines | Kubata |
| mhou yegungwa | Yakawanda trout |
| Octopus | Bhuruu rinorira octopus |
| Hove yeuta | Swordtail hove |
| Hove toad hove | Sunfish |
| Herrings | Mbizi cichlid |
| Matende | Swordfish |
| Cave tetra | Blowfish |
| Mhashu | Ndarama yegoridhe |
| Tuna | Nguruve yegungwa |
| Clam | Coral |
| Kamba | Mojarrita |
| Piranha | Porpoise |
| Moto muromo | Tintorera |
| Cod | Gakanje |
| Seahorse | Mussel |
| Starfish | Kuuraya whale |
| Takura hove | Urchin yegungwa |
| Gakanje | Surubí |
| Dolphin | Turtle yegungwa |
| Urume whale | Butterfly hove |
| Bhuruu whale | Parrotfish |
| Grey whale | Salmoni |
| Whale shark | Turbot |
| Pilot whale | Oscar hove |
| Kutenderera pearlescent | Kubhururuka hove |
| Kubuda ropa Tetra | Penguin |
| sehelhell | Acara bhuruu |
| White shark | Salmoni |
| Dhiragoni yeGungwa | Teresikopu hove |
MHUKA DZENYIKA
Kugara nekufamba pasi kana mumhepo ndicho chinhu chikuru cheiyo mhuka dzepanyika. Hunhu uhu ndihwo hunoita kuti mhuka dzese dzingave nekusahadzika dzakanyorwa muboka repasi repasi: iri boka rinosanganisira mhuka dzinogara pasi asi dzinoshandisa yakawanda yenguva yadzo dziri mumvura, kana mhuka dzinogara pasi. Zvipembenene kana makamba vane nhanho yemvura muhupenyu hwekutenderera.
Zvinoenderana nesainzi yekwakabva mhando, mhuka dzepanyika hadzisi dzekutanga kuoneka, asi dzakabva kumhuka dzemumvura.
Paivepo, ipapo, shanduko kubva mukugona kwekugara munzvimbo yemumvura kuenda kunzvimbo yepasi (humbowo hwezvisaririra hunoratidza kuti kupinda kwekutanga pasi kwakagadzirwa nezvisikwa zvegungwa kwaive makore angaite zviuru mazana mashanu nemakumi matatu zvemakore apfuura). Kune huwandu hukuru hwemhuka, mukana wekugara munzvimbo yepasirese wakawanikwa panguva iyi paleozoic kana iyo Mesozoic, uye kune vamwe vashoma panguva ye cenozoic.
Mukati mechikamu chenyika, kupatsanurwa kunogona kuitwa nemhando yechikafu (pakati vanodya nyama, herbivores, omnivores uye frugivores), kana kupatsanurwa nekirasi yemhuka (pakati pezvipuka, shiri, amphibian, mollusks uye echinoderms).
Mienzaniso yemhuka dzepanyika
| Ngamera | Mhumhi |
| Hare | Panther |
| Cat | Imbwa |
| Makwai | Nyama yenguruve |
| Nyati | Honye |
| Ndakasimudza | Scorpion |
| Dromedary | nondo |
| Spider | Chipembere |
| Orangutan | Gonzo |
| Mhou | Mbada |
| Nyoka | Goose |
| Garwe | Tiger |
| Jongwe | Rhea |
| Penguin | Mbudzi |
| Mombe | Nyoka |
| Datya | Kangaroo |
| Tsuro | Dhongi |
| Mhuru | Scorpion |
| Armadillo | Nguruve |
| Chameleon | Kamba |
| Koala | Chipmunk |
| Dhongi | Twiza |
| Tsoko | Tsoko |
| Fox | Anaconda |
| Mole | Bhiza |
| Huku | Jaguar |
| Tarantula | Beaver |
| Iguana | Hamster |
| Raccoon | Lizard |
| Nzou | Chuck |
| Mhuka yekunechando | Bheya |
| Mamuri | Chirikadzi |
| Cheetah | Svosve |
| Gorilla | Shumba |
| Mouse | nzombe |
- Mienzaniso yekufambisa Mhuka
- Mienzaniso yeHibernating Mhuka
- Mienzaniso yeMhuka Dzinokambaira
