Mienzaniso yeLexical Loans - Encyclopedia

Vhidhiyo: Making paying taxes to the state a religious duty was by Qur’an & called "zakat". Part 2 - Audiobook

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Mhando dze lexical zvikwereti
Mienzaniso yezvikwereti zvine lexical

A lexical chikwereti inoitika kana vatauri vemumwe mutauro vachishandisa mazwi anobva kune mumwe mutauro.

Aya mazwi anogona kunge akafanana kana kushandurwa zvishoma, asi zvirevo zvinowanzo fanika kana zvakafanana. Semuyenzaniso: kupaka (kubva kuChirungu "kupaka").

Zvakare mukati memutauro mumwe chete kune madimikira akasarudzika, semuenzaniso mukati memidziyo yemamwe mabasa. Iwo mazwi anoshandiswa mukati mekuraira anogona kufarirwa uye kutorwa neimwe pfungwa kubva kune iyo yakamutsa icho.

Semuenzaniso, iyo kuora mwoyo chirwere chepfungwa chine hunhu chaihwo uye iri izwi rinotangira mundima yepfungwa. Nekudaro, isu tinogona kutaura kuti pati iri kuodza moyo kana mumhanzi uchishaikwa kana kuti bhaisikopo richishungurudza, pasina kutaura nezvechirwere, asi kune chirevo chatinochipa kunze kwenzvimbo yepfungwa. Izvi zvinodaidzwa zvakare kuti lexical loan. Zvisinei, izwi iri rinonyanya kushandiswa kumazwi anotorwa kubva kune mimwe mitauro, kureva kuti, mazwi ekunze.

Mhando dze lexical zvikwereti

Lexical zvikwereti zvinogona kuva:

Vatorwa vasina kudzidziswa. Iwo mazwi anotorwa pasina shanduko munzira yekunyora uye nemadudzirwo akafanana neepakutanga (zvinoenderana netsika yemutauri). Semuyenzaniso: kushambadzira.
Yakagadziriswa vatorwa. Ivo vanoenderana neyakajairwa nzira yekuti iwe une izwi mumutauro wemuno. Inonyanya kuitika mukubatanidzwa kwezviito. Semuyenzaniso: Paki (ye "kupaka")
Semantic tracings. Mitsara kubva kune mumwe mutauro inoteedzerwa uye inoshandurwa sezvazviri. Semuyenzaniso: keteni resimbi (rakashandurwa kubva ku "iron courtain")

Inogona kukushandira:

Xenisms
Nharaunda (kubva kunyika dzakasiyana)
Lexical Mhuri

Mienzaniso yezvikwereti zvine lexical

Paki (yakashandurwa nyika). Inobva pazwi reChirungu "park" iro, kuwedzera kune "park", rinoreva kupaka.
Chalet (yakashandurwa nyika). Kubva ku "chalet" yechiFrench, zvinoreva dzimba dzemhuri dzine bindu riri padyo kana rakatenderedza, asi idzo dzisina patio yemukati.
Eau de parfum (unadapted foreignness). Aya mazwi anoshandiswa muchiFrench kuratidza pefiyumu kubva kune chero nyika yakabva, kuwedzera pakuisiyanisa kubva ku "eau de toilette" zvinoreva mafuta anonhuwirira zvishoma uye asingagumi paganda.
Hardware (unadapted foreignness). Iwo ndiwo epanyama (zvinhu) zvikamu zvemakomputa kana chero imwe komputa system.
Kubata kambani (unadapted foreignness). "Kubata" muChirungu zvinoreva kubata, kuva kana kuchengetedza. Izwi rinobata rinoshandiswa kuSpanish (uye mimwe mitauro yakawanda) kureva makambani anotengesa anochengetedza zvivakwa zvemamwe makambani.
Nguva yemafaro (semantic tracing). Shanduro chaiyo ye "nguva yekufara". Icho chinoreva nguva yezuva apo nzvimbo yekutengesa inopa mitengo yakasarudzika, inonyanya kushandiswa kumabhawa anopa zvakakurisa kuderedzwa pazvinwiwa zvavo.
Dzinde (yakashandurwa nyika). Izwi reChirungu "stalk" (iro rinoreva kutevera kana kushungurudza) rakashandurwa kuti ripindure nemhando yezvipenga muchiSpanish
Iron keteni (semantic tracing). Iko kushandurwa kwe "Iron keteni". Inoreva chipingamupinyi chezvematongerwo enyika uye chemafungiro. Chakanga chiri chirevo chakashandiswa panguva yeCold War, apo yakawanda yepasi yakakamurwa pakati penyika dzemabhizimusi nenyika dzekomonisiti.

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