10 Mienzaniso yeBiomass - Encyclopedia

Zvemukati

Iyo "inobatsira" biomass
Zvakanakira nekuipira biomass
Mienzaniso yeinobatsira biomass

Iyobiomass, mune ecology, inoreva huwandu hwakazara hwezvinhu zvipenyu zviri mumunhu, rung a cheni yezvokudya, huwandu hwevanhu kana kunyangwe ecosystem, inoratidzwa muhuremu pauniti vhoriyamu.

Kune rimwe divi, biomass zvakare iri iyo organic chinhu chinogadzirwa kuburikidza nehupenyu hwechiitiko, zvingangoitika zvega kana kutsamwiswa, uye kuva nemidziyo inodiwa kuti uve simba rinotsva. Tinogona kudaidza iyi yekupedzisira zvinoreva "biomass inobatsira", sezvo nzvimbo yayo yekufarira yakanangana nekuwana biofuels (mafuta ekurima).

Izwi iri rave kunyanya kukosha kubvira pakamuka ma biofuels, anodikanwa seimwe nzira ye zvisaririra uye musika wayo uri kuchinja. Kunyange zvakadaro, iyo "organic chinhu" inodiwa kune biomass inowanzo nyonganiswa ne chinhu chinoraramandiko kuti, neiyo inosanganisa iyo zvipenyu semiti (kunyangwe yakawanda yemakwati anovatsigira angave akafa).

Iko zvakare kukanganisa kushandisa izwi biomass sezwi rinoreva zvakafanana ne simba rinobvira iyo yakati chinhu chakasikwa chine, kupfuura chero chinhu nekuti hukama pakati pehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinokwanisa kugadziriswa uye simba rinogona kuwanikwa kubva kwazviri zvinosiyana uye zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda.

Iyo "inobatsira" biomass

Biomass inoshanda kuwana simba. Kune izvi, zvinoenderana nekutora mukana nemaitiro e kuora yezvinhu zvakasikwa zviri pasi peanodzorwa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, kuitira kuti uwane masanganiswa e hydrocarbon yesimba rinogoneka, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakumesa injini dzemoto dzemukati, senge idzo dziri mumotokari.

Tinogona kuona mhando nhatu dzebiomass inobatsira:

Natural biomass. Izvo zvakagadzirwa pasina kupindira kwemurume, sekudonha kwemashizha mu Sango.
Residual biomass. Icho chakasara kana ne-chigadzirwa cheimwe zviitiko zvehupfumi, senge zvekurima, zvipfuyo, masango kana indasitiri yezvikafu, kana kunyangwe kudzokorodza mafuta.
Simba mbesa. Zvirimwa zvese zvakagadzirirwa kuwana biofuels, yakatarisana nerumwe rudzi rwemuriwo kana muchero wemuti une simba rine simba.

Zvakanakira nekuipira biomass

Iko kushandiswa kwebiomass semafuta kune kwakanaka uye kwakashata maficha:

Izvo zvishoma kusvibisa. Inofananidzwa nemafuta uye zvigadzirwa zvacho, kana marasha, biofuels inogadzira yakaderera huwandu hweEC₂ uye kukuvara kudiki kwezvakatipoteredza, kunyangwe izvi hazvireve kuti iwo mafuta chaiwo akasvibira.
Tora mukana wekusara kwenyaya. Zvizhinji zvezvinhu iwe zvaunowanzo kupa kune iyo marara kana kuora zvisina basa, ine kukosha kwesimba kana ikashandiswa se mbishi zvinhu ye biofuels. Izvo zvinoitawo izvi zvisingadhuri uye zviri nyore kuwana.
Kwete inoshanda seimwe mafuta. Zvichienzaniswa nemafuta epasi, mashandiro avo haana kukwana kuti ave, kwechinguvana, imwe nzira inoshanda mukutarisana nesimba rekuda simba.
Inoisa matambudziko edzimhosva. Kupfuura chero chinhu chine chekuita nekutsauswa kwechikafu (chibage, michero, zviyo nezviyo) kubva ku indasitiri kubva pakudya kuenda kusimba, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kuwana mafuta pane kupa vanhu vane nzara chikafu.

Mienzaniso yeinobatsira biomass

Huni. Muenzaniso wekare wekushandisa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa ndeyekuunganidza huni kuti upise uye nekudaro uwane kupisa, zvese kupisa imba kuburikidza ne chimney, uye kubatidza moto mune chikafu chinobikwa. Iyi nzira yakatanga kubva panguva dzekare uye ichiri kuenderera pakati petsika dzevanhu.
Nut nembeu makomba. Izvi marara yekudyiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekudya zvinowanzo kuraswa mumarara, asi iine kukosha kusingareruke. Mudzimba zhinji dzekumaruwa inochengetwa uye inoshandiswa kupisa moto, kana kunyangwe mukutsvaga mafuta emiriwo ekuzora.
Zvasara. Izvo zvakasikwa zvakasara kubva pakudya kwedu zvine simba rine simba, kwete chete senge chikafu chema compost maitiro uye ivhu rekusangana, asiwo mukuwana biogas kuburikidza neanaerobic digestion maitiro (pasina kuvapo kwe oxygen). Iyo mabhakitiriya iyo nyeredzi mune ino maitiro inoburitsa yakakwira methane, yakafanana nezvinoitika mumatumbu edu, izvo zvinoita kuti biogas inyatso kupisa.
Beet, nzimbe, chibage. Zvibereko zvakapfuma mushuga, senzimbe, beet, chibage, zvinoshandiswa mukuwana bioethanol, kuburikidza ne nzira yekuvirisa yakafanana neiyo yekuwana maqueurs, nekuti inogadzira hydrated doro. 5% yemvura inobviswa kubva kunwiwa doro uye mafuta ane simba anoshandiswa anowanikwa, akafanana nepeturu.
Mashanga, kutema masara, huni uye mamwe magidhi. Shuga senge cellulose, sitachi uye zvimwe zvinochengeterwa mumuviri wezvirimwa makabhohaidhiretsi michero yephotosynthesis, iyo inoshandiswa seyakaomeswa mushuga inoshanduka nzira dzekushandura shuga kuwana biofuels. Mazhinji emasaisai aya anotorwa pasina kupa chikafu, sezvo zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kutemwa, kusimwa kana kudzurwa mushure mekubereka michero uye chinhu ichi chinowanzo kuraswa.
Chibage, gorosi, mhunga, bhari nezvimwe zviyo. Zvakafanana nekuwana doro, izvi zviyo uye miriwo yakapfuma zvakanyanya mumastachi, ayo akaomarara makabhohaidhiretsi kubva kune iyo bioethanol inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuvirisa doro.
Sawdust kana sawdust. Chimwe chinhu chinogona kubva kune biomass chinowanikwa muhuwandu hwakawanda hwehuni hwehupfu hwakaraswa nemacheki uye indasitiri yematanda zvakadaro. Guruva rose iri rine simba rakafanana remafuta sehuni, pamwe nekuve sosi yeseroini yekuwana shuga dzinovira mune bioalcohols.
Waini inofanirwa uye yakasvinwa waini. Waini yakaora uye inofanirwa kusaririra kubva kwavanogadzira ndiko kunobva biomass, sezvo ichipa hwahwa hwakasvibirira kunobva iyo sulfur dioxide (SO₂), yavo methanol mutoro (inoparadza kune injini dzinopisa) uye pakupedzisira inogona kushandiswa kuwana bioethanol.
Tsvina yemombe. Zvipfuyo zvakakosha sosi ye organic chinhu chinogona kushanda sebiomass, senge tsvina yemazimbe (ayo chete kudya kwemuriwo cellulose ari kuvimbisa) kana kunyange mafuta akasara kubva mukushandisa kwemhuka.
Mhuri inosara mafuta. Kunobva svutugadzike biomass ndiyo maoiri atinorasa mushure mekubika, anonyanya kugadzirwa kubva kuzuva, canola, kunyangwe maorivhi, muchidimbu, zvigadzirwa zvemuriwo. Kugadzirwa kwe biodiesel kubva kwavari kunoda basa re kusefetwa kunze kubva pane yakasviba tsvina, transesterification matanho ekushandura triglycerides kuita methyl esters, uye kuwedzerwa kwemethanol. Mushure mekutapudza iyo pH kubva pamhedzisiro, biodiesel uye glycerol zvinowanikwa. Iyo yekupedzisira inobviswa uye inoshandiswa kune indasitiri yesipo, nepo biodiesel ichinatswa uye ichishandiswa semafuta.