Zvemukati
Iyo anabolism uye iyo catabolism Iwo ndiwo maviri emakemikari maitiro anoita metabolism (seti yemakemikari maitiro anoitika muhupenyu hwese). Maitiro aya akapindirana asi anoenderana, nekuti imwe inoenderana neimwe uye pamwe chete inobvumidza kushanda nekusimudzira kwemasero.
Anabolism
Anabolism, inonziwo inovaka chikamu, ndiyo metabolic maitiro ayo akaomarara chinhu chinogadzirwa kutanga kubva pazvinhu zvakapusa, kungave organic kana inorganic. Maitiro aya anoshandisa chikamu chesimba rakaburitswa nekatabolism kugadzira mamorekuru akaomarara. Semuyenzaniso: photosynthesis muzvinyorwa zve autotrophic, iyo synthesis ye lipids kana mapuroteni.
Anabolism inoumba hwaro hwekukura nekusimudzira kwezvinhu zvipenyu. Iyo ine basa rekuchengetedza muviri munyama uye kuchengetedza simba.
- Inogona kukubatsira: Biochemistry
Catabolism
Catabolism, inonziwo inoparadza chikamu, ndiyo metabolic maitiro ayo anosanganisira kuora kwemamorekuru akaomarara kuita akareruka. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuparara uye oxidation ye biomolecule anouya kubva kune chikafu senge makabhohaidhiretsi, mapuroteni, uye lipids. Semuyenzaniso: kugaya, glycolysis.
Munguva yekuparara uku, mamorekuru anosunungura simba muchimiro cheATP (adenosine triphosphate). Simba iri rinoshandiswa nemaseru kuita zviitiko zvakakosha uye nemaanabolic maitiro ekuumbwa kwemamorekuru.
Mienzaniso yeanabolism
- Photosynthesis. Anabolic maitiro anoitwa neatotrophic zvipenyu (ivo havadi zvimwe zvipenyu kuti vazvidye ivo pachavo, nekuti ivo vanogadzira yavo yega chikafu). Mune photosynthesis, inorganic nyaya inoshandurwa kuita organic chinhu kuburikidza nesimba rakapihwa nezuva.
- Chemosynthesis. Maitiro anoshandura imwe kana yakawanda kabhoni uye mamorekuru einovaka muviri kuita chinhu che organic uchishandisa oxidation yemakemikari asinganetsi. Inosiyana nefotosinthesisi nekuti haishandisi mwenje wezuva sechinhu chinopa simba.
- Calvin kutenderera. Makemikari maitiro anoitika mumakloroplast emasero emiti. Mariri, mamorekuru ecarbon dioxide anoshandiswa kugadzira molekyuli yeglucose. Ndidzo nzira dzekuti autotrophic zvipenyu zviisewo zvisina kujairika nyaya.
- Mapuroteni synthesis. Makemikari maitiro ayo mapuroteni akagadzirwa nemaketani eamino acids anogadzirwa. Iwo maamino acids anotakurwa neiyo RNA yekuchinjisa kune mutumwa RNA, inova nebasa rekugadzirisa marongero ayo maamino acids achabatana kuti aumbe ketani. Izvi zvinoitika mu ribosomes, organelles aripo mumasero ese.
- Gluconeogenesis. Makemikari maitiro ayo glucose anogadzirwa kubva kune glycosidic precursors ayo asiri ma carbohydrate.
Mienzaniso yekatabolism
- Kufema kwemaseru. Makemikari maitiro ayo mamwe makemikari makemikari akashatiswa kuti ave asiri echinhu zvinhu. Iri rakaburitsa simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa kugadzira mamorekuru eATP. Kune mhando mbiri dzekufema kwemaseru: aerobic (inoshandisa oxygen) uye anaerobic (haishandisi oksijeni asi mamwe mamorekuru asina kujairika).
- Kugaya. Maitiro echinyakare umo mabiomolecule anodyiwa nemuviri akaputswa ndokushandurwa kuita mafomu akareruka (mapuroteni anoderedzwa kuva amino acids, polysaccharides kune monosaccharides uye lipids kune mafuta acids).
- Glycolysis. Maitiro anoitika mushure mekuzeya (uko polysaccharides yakashatiswa kuita glucose). Mu glycolysis yega yega molecule yeglucose inopatsanuka kuita maviri mamyuru eepyruvate.
- Krebs kutenderera. Makemikari maitiro ayo ari chikamu chemaseru kufema mumasero eerobobic. Simba rakachengetwa rinoburitswa kuburikidza neiyo oxidation yeacetyl-CoA molecule uye simba remakemikari muchimiro cheATP.
- Nucleic acid kudzikisira. Makemikari maitiro ayo deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) uye ribonucleic acid (RNA) inoitika maitiro ekudzikisira.
- Enderera ne: Chemical phenomena
