Zvemukati
Iyo nharo yekutapa Iyo imwe iyo, kutanga kubva pakubvuma kana chokwadi, inobvumidza kutora fungidziro. Kufunga kunoshandiswa mune idzi nharo ndekwe syllogism, iyo inoshandisa zvikamu zviviri kana nzvimbo kwazvinotora mhedziso.
Mhando dzekufunga
Kune matatu marudzi ekufunga.
- Kufungisisa kwekubvisa. Nzvimbo yayo inotangira kubva kuchinhu chakajairwa uye wozoisarudzira. Semuenzaniso: Kana makwai ese akachena, ndinofungidzira kuti makwai anozozvarwa anenge ari machena.
- Iyoinductive kufunga. Inotanga kubva kune chimwe chinhu chemunhu kana chakasarudzika uye ichiisanganisa munzvimbo (inoita nzira yakapesana kune iyo inobvisa). Semuenzaniso: denga remba yangu rakaparadzwa mushure medutu saka, nekunyorwa, ini ndaizotenda kuti matenga ese edzimba dzevavakidzani vangu akakuvadzwa zvakafanana.
- Iyokubvuta kufunga. Funga fungidziro yekutanga kuve yechokwadi uye yechipiri fungidziro kuti ingangoitika. Kubva kune ese ari maviri, iye anotora mhedzisiro semhedzisiro mhedzisiro nekutapa nzvimbo yapfuura.
Aristotle akaronga syllogism inozivikanwa kwazvo munhoroondo. Nekutangira kubva kune chaicho chivakwa, inoti iyo mhedzisiro ndeyechokwadi:
1st fungidziro: varume vese vanofa
2nd fungidziro: Socrates murume
- mhedziso: Socrates anouraya
Nekudaro, chokwadi chivakwa hachiwanzoshandiswa, uye nekudaro mhedzisiro dzimwe nguva haisi. Semuyenzaniso:
1st fungidziro: Vese vekuMabvazuva vanoita chiBhudha
Chechipiri chirevo: Juan ari kumabvazuva
- mhedziso: Juan anoshandisa chiBhudha
Njodzi nerudzi urwu rwekufunga ndeyekuti nzvimbo yacho inotorwa seyakarurama uye mhedzisiro inotorwa kubva ipapo. Nekudaro, isu tinoziva kuti havazi vese vekuMabvazuva vanoshandisa chiBhudha, saka mhedziso isiriyo inogona kusvikwa. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti nzvimbo yacho ndeyechokwadi kuti uwane mhedzisiro.
Mienzaniso yekupokana kwekutora
1st fungidziro: Vakadzi vakanakisa vanotenga kuchitoro chaAlicia.
2nd fungidziro: Rosa mukadzi akanaka.
- mhedziso: Saka Rosa anofanira kutenga kuchitoro chaAlicia.
1st fungidziro: Nhasi izuva rine zuva.
2nd fungidziro: Pamazuva ezuva tinoenda kunofamba nababa vangu.
- mhedziso: Nhasi tichaenda kunofamba nababa vangu.
1st fungidziro: Mushonga unodyiwa nevechidiki vazhinji.
2nd fungidziro: Vazhinji vechidiki vane nguva yemahara.
- mhedziso: Vechidiki vane nguva yemahara vanoshandisa zvinodhaka.
Yekutanga yekutanga: Iyo yekubikira pasi yaive yakanyorova nhasi.
2nd fungidziro: Firiji yakarasika mvura.
- mhedziso: Pasi paive pakanyorova nekurasikirwa nemvura kubva mufiriji.
Yekutanga fungidziro: Vese vatyairi vemota vanoziva vakadzi.
2nd fungidziro: Pedro mushandi wemumugwagwa.
- mhedziso: Pedro anoda vanhukadzi.
1st chirevo: maUruguay vanhu vakanaka uye vakadzikama vanhu.
2nd fungidziro: Carlos naMaría vakanaka uye vakadzikama.
- mhedziso: Carlos naMaría maUruguay.
1st fungidziro: Ma wallet ari muchitoro chako anodhura kwazvo.
2nd fungidziro: Sofia anongotenga mabhegi anodhura.
- mhedziso: Sofia anenge atenga kana kutenga muchitoro chako.
1st chivakwa: Iyo yekudyira yaigara yakazara nevatashanyi.
2nd fungidziro: Rodrigo mushanyi.
- mhedziso: Rodrigo arimo muresitorendi.
1st fungidziro: Vavakidzani vane ruzha.
2nd fungidziro: Sabrina muvakidzani wangu.
- mhedziso: Sabrina ane ruzha.
Yekutanga fungidziro: Shiri dzese dziri munzvimbo ino dzinotama munguva yechando.
2nd fungidziro: Iyi ishiri.
- mhedziso: Shiri iyi inofanirwa kutama panosvika nguva yechando.
