Organic uye Inorganic Makemikari

Zvemukati

• Mienzaniso yemakemikari makemikari
• Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvisina kujairika

Iyo makemikari makemikari zvinhu zvakaumbwa nezviviri kana kudarika zvinhu inowirirana neumwe neumwe, nokudaro ichipa mukana kune chinhu chitsva chose uye chakasiyana. Maererano ne mhando yemaatomu izvo zvinoumba makomputa aya, tinogona kutaura nezve organic uye inorganic makomponi:

Yakatumidzwa zita organic makemikari izvo zvine kunyanya kabhoni uye maatomu ehydrogen, mukubatana uye kuumbwa nezvimwe zvinhu. mabvazuva mhando yemakemikari have covalent zvisungo (pakati pemaatomu asiri esimbi) yezvinhu zvishoma (kubva zviviri kusvika mashanu) uye iwo akaomarara kwazvo, aripo akakomberedza mamirioni gumi emakomponi erudzi urwu. Ivo vanopa kumuka kuhupenyu uye vanovanzwa nezvipenyu.

Iyo inorganic makemikari, kune rimwe divi, hazviwanzo kuve nemaatomu ecarbon, kana hydrogen-kabhoni zvisungo (zvakajairika zveiyo hydrocarbon), uye maatomu avo anogona kubatanidzwa ne ionic zvisungo (metallic uye isiri-esimbi atomu) kana covalent. Vari zvinhu inogona kuve nezvinhu zvakawanda kubva kune chero sosi patafura ye periodic uye iri makondakita akanaka emagetsi.

Mienzaniso yemakemikari makemikari

1. Methanol (CH₃OH). Inozivikanwa sehuni kana methyl doro, iro rakareruka doro riripo.
2. Propanone (C₃H₆KANA). Iyo yakajairika solvent acetone, inopisa uye yakajeka, ine hunhu hwehunhu.
3. Acetylene (C₂H₂). Iyo zvakare inonzi ethyne, iri alkyne gasi rakareruka kupfuura mweya uye isina kuchena, unopisa zvikuru.
4. Ethyl ethanoate (CH₃-COO-C₂H₅). Iyo inozivikanwawo seethyl acetate kana vhiniga ether, inoshandiswa seyakagadziriswa.
5. Fomu (CH₂0). Inoshandiswa senzira yekuchengetedza yezvinhu zvipenyu (masampuli, zvitunha), inozivikanwa se methanal kana formaldehyde.
6. Glycerin (C₃H₈KANA₃). Glycerol kana propanetriol, chigadzirwa chepakati cheiyo kuvirisa doro uye kugaya kugadziriswa kwe lipids.
7. Glucose (C₆H₁₂KANA₆). Iyo yakakosha chikamu chesimba mune zvipenyu ishuga monosaccharide.
8. Ethanol (C.₂H₆KANA). Ethyl doro, iripo mune zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, mhedzisiro yeanerobic kuvirisa yeshuga nembiriso.
9. Isopropanol (C₃H₈KANA). Isopropyl doro, isomer yepropanol, inova acetone pane oxidation.
10. Acetylsalicylic asidhi (C₉H₈KANA₄). Chikamu chinoshanda cheaspirini: analgesic, antipyretic, anti-kupisa.
11. Sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂KANA₁₁). Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ye makabhohaidhiretsi: tafura yeshuga.
12. Fructose (C.₆H₁₂KANA₆). Chibereko shuga inochengetedza hukama isomeric neglucose.
13. Cellulose (C₆H₁₀KANA₅). Chikamu chikuru chemiti yezvisikwa, chinoshanda seyakaumbwa musero maseru masvingo uye senzvimbo yekuchengetedza magetsi.
14. Nitroglycerin (C₃H₅N₃KANA₉). Inoputika ine simba, inowanikwa nekusanganisa nitric acid, sulfuric acid uye glycerin.
15. Lactic asidhi (C₃H₆KANA₃). Inokosha mukupa simba kwemuviri wemunhu pamberi peakisi yakadzika oxygen, kugadzirwa kweshuga kuburikidza neacicic Fermentation.
16. Benzocaine (C₉H₁₁AIHWA₂). Inoshandiswa seinesthetic yemuno, kunyangwe kushandiswa kwayo muvacheche kune zvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvehuturu hwakanyanya.
17. Lidocaine (C₁₄H₂₂N₂KANA). Chimwe chinodavirira, chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa mazino uye sey antiarrhythmic.
18. Lactose (C₁₂H₂₂KANA₁₁). Yakagadzirwa kubva galactose uye glucose, ndiyo shuga inopa mukaka wemhuka simba rayo mutoro.
19. Kokaini (C₁₇H₂₁AIHWA₄). Iyo ine alkaloid ine simba yakatorwa kubva kune iyo coca chirimwa uye yakagadziriswa kugadzira mushonga usiri pamutemo wezita rimwe chete.
20. Ascorbic asidhi (C₆H₈KANA₆). Iyo inozivikanwawo seyakakosha vhitamini C yemichero macitrus.

Inogona kukushandira: Mienzaniso yeOrganic Waste

Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvisina kujairika

1. Sodium Chloride (NaCl). Munyu wakajairika wekudya kwedu.
2. Hydrochloric asidhi (HCl). Imwe yeane simba kwazvo acids inozivikanwa, ndeimwe yeavo vakavanzika nedumbu kugaya chikafu.
3. Phosphoric asidhi (H₃PO₄). Mvura inoshanda asidi, inopesana neiyo oxidation, kubuda uye kudzikira, inoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvinwiwa.
4. Sulfuriki asidhi (H₂SW₄). Imwe yemakorosidhi makuru anozivikanwa, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri uye inogadzirwa muhuwandu hwakawanda pasirese.
5. Potassium iodide (KI). Munyu uyu unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutora mifananidzo uye kurapwa nemwaranzi.
6. Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂KANA₇). Orange munyu, yakanyanya oxidizing, inokwanisa kukonzeresa moto kana uchinge wakasangana nezvinhu zvakasikwa.
7. Sirivha chloride (AgCl). Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu electrochemistry uye mumarabhoritari, nekuda kwekudzikira kwayo kwakadzika mumvura, ikristini yakasimba.
8. Amoniya (NH₃). Iyo inonziwo azano kana ammonium gasi, iri gasi risina ruvara rakapfuma mu nitrogen ine hwema hunonyangadza.
9. Cuprous sulphate (Cu₂SW₄). Munyu usinganyungudike, unoshandiswa semushonga unouraya utachiona uye unopenda nzvimbo yesimbi.
10. Nesilicon oxide (SiO₂). Kazhinji inonzi silika, inogadzira quartz uye opal, uye chimwe chezvinhu zvejecha.
11. Simbi sulphate (FeSO₄). Iyo inozivikanwawo segreen vitriol, melanterite kana green caparrosa, iri bhuruu-girini munyu unoshandiswa seanopenya uye sekurapa kwevamwe anemias.
12. Karusiyamu Carbonate (CaCO₃). Yakagara ichishandiswa seantacid uye mugirazi uye simendi indasitiri, chinhu chakawanda kwazvo muzvisikwa, senge matombo kana semakomba uye exoskeletons emamwe mhuka.
13. Lime (CaO). Iyo calcium oxide mune chero mafomu ayo, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya musanganiswa yekuvaka se bhainda.
14. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Ipo mune zvekudzimisa moto kana mune zvakawanda zvekudya uye zvemushonga zvigadzirwa, ine alkaline pH.
15. Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Potassium soda, inoshandiswa mukugadzira sipo nemimwe solvents.
16. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Inodaidzwa kuti caustic soda kana caustic soda, inoshandiswa mupepa, machira uye sipo uye yekudonhedza maindasitiri ekuvhura.
17. Ammonium nitrate (NH₄AIHWA₃). Fetiraiza ine simba.
18. Cobalt Silicate (CoSiO₃). Inoshandiswa mukugadzira pigments (senge cobalt bhuruu).
19. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄). Epsom munyu kana Chirungu munyu, kana uchiwedzera mvura. Iyo ine akawanda mashandisiro ekurapa, kunyanya musuru, kana seyokugeza munyu.
20. Barium chloride (BaCl₂). Munyu une muchetura wakanyanya unoshandiswa mu pigments, kurapwa kwesimbi, uye mafireworks.