Zvemukati
Iyo Mashoko okutanga Icho chinyorwa chinotangira basa rakanyorwa uye chinopa muverengi zvinhu zviviri: sumo uye nzira yekutanga kune zvirimo zvebasa, uye mharidzo yemunyori waro. Semuenzaniso, chirevo chaUmberto Eco kuna 1984 (inoverengeka yakanyorwa naGeorge Orwell muna 1949).
Mapurofesa ane toni yekunyora - haambo fungidziro - uye kuiswa kwavo hakusi kwekumanikidza. Ivo vane yakawedzera kana kushomeka yekuwedzera uye yavo munyori, kazhinji, haienderane neiyo yebasa. Chirevo chinowanzo kuve mumwe munhu anoziva iyo nyaya inotaurwa nezvayo kana munyori wayo. Nekudaro, inopa rumwe ruzivo kune muverengi iyo inovandudza ruzivo rwavo rwekuverenga kana iyo inovabvumidza kuti vanzwisise mamiriro ezvinhu ayo akaitwa uye kuburitswa. Kunyangwe pane dzimwe nguva, anogona kuve iye munyori webasa iyeye anonyora chirevo.
Basa rimwe chete rakanyorwa rinogona kuve nezvinyorwa zvinopfuura imwechete muchinyorwa chimwe chete. Aya ma prologue anogona kunge akave ezvinyorwa zvakasiyana. Kana izvi zvikaitika, zvinotsanangurwa mugore ripi uye nechinyorwa chipi chinoenderana.
Chero basa rakanyorwa rinogona kuperekedzwa nesumo. Kunyangwe iwo ari anthologies, mabhuku enhetembo kana nyaya, enganonyorwa, mitambo, zvinyorwa, zvichemo, mabhuku ezvidzidzo, zvidzidzo zvesainzi, kuunganidzwa kwezvinyorwa kana tsamba, zvinyorwa zvemufirimu.
- Onawo: Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa
Elements yesumo
- Chronology. Inogona kusanganisira nguva yenguva yezviri mukati mebasa kana pahupenyu nebasa remunyori.
- Verbatim makotesheni. Izvo zvinowanzo sanganisira zvidimbu zvakatorwa kubva kubasa rekutanga, kupa huremu hukuru kumakakatanwa echiratidzo.
- Kuongorora kwemunhu. Chirevo chinosanganisira kutonga, maonero kana kutonga nezve basa rekutanga.
- Yechitatu bato kufunga. Inowanzo sanganisira kucherechedza uye makomenti akaitwa nevamwe vanyori, vatsoropodzi kana zviremera zvine chekuita nebasa rekutanga.
Maumbirwo ezvinyorwa zvekutanga
- Nhanganyaya. Inosanganisira ruzivo rwakakosha kufambira mberi mukuverenga uye kunzwisisa kwesumo. Iye prologueist akataura nezvekuti akasangana sei nemunyori, anga ari sei maitiro ake pabasa, nei achifunga kuti rakapfuura uye maitiro ake kuchinyorwa sei.
- Kubudirira. Nharo dzinotsigira kukoshesa kwebasa rekutanga dzinounzwa. Kuti aite izvi, anoshandisa zvinotaurwa nevamwe vanhu kana mazwi echirevo.
- Kuvhara. Chirevo chinotsvaga kukurudzira muverengi kuti atange kuverenga iro basa. Nezve izvo, inoshandisa mazano, mifananidzo, makomendi uye neruzivo.
Mashoko ekutanga
- Mashoko ekutanga naJean Paul Sartre ku Vakatukwa venyikarakanyorwa naFrantz Fanon
"Apo Fanon, pane kudaro, anoti Europe iri kuderera mukuparadzwa, kure nekusimudza mhere, anoita chirwere. Chiremba uyu haanyepedze kana kumushora pasina nzira - zvimwe zvishamiso zvakaonekwa - kana kumupa nzira yekurapa; anotarisa kuti ari kufa, kubva kunze, zvichibva nezviratidzo zvaakakwanisa kuunganidza. Kana zviri zvekumurapa, kwete: ane zvimwe zvinonetsa; Hazvina basa kuti inonyura here kana kuti inopona. Ndokusaka bhuku rake richinyadzisa (…) ”.
- Mashoko ekutanga naJulio Cortázar ku Pedzisa nyayarakanyorwa naEdgar Allan Poe
“Gore ra1847 rakaratidza Poe achirwa nezvipoko, achidzokerazve kuopium nedoro, akanamatira mukunamata kweMarie Louise Shew, uyo akakunda rudo rwake panguva yekurwadziwa kweVirginia. Akazoti "Mabhero" akazvarwa kubva mukutaurirana pakati pevaviri. Akarondedzera zvakare fungidziro yaPoe yemasikati, ngano dzake dzekufungidzira dzekuenda kuSpain neFrance, madhiri ake, zviitiko zvake. Mai Shew vakayemura hunyanzvi hwaEdgar uye vairemekedza murume zvikuru. (…) ”.
- Mashoko ekutanga naErnesto Sábato ku Hazvina kumboitika, Bhuku reNational Commission pamusoro pekunyangarika kwevanhu (Conadep)
“Neshungu, nemarwadzo, tazadzisa basa ratakapihwa kwatiri panguva iyoyo neMutungamiriri wenyika yeConstitutional. Iri basa rairema kwazvo, nekuti isu taifanirwa kuisa rima dambanemazwi, mushure memakore mazhinji ezviitiko, apo zvese zvadzimwa zvadzimwa nemaune, zvinyorwa zvese zvakapiswa uye zvivakwa zvakatoputswa. Isu taifanira kuzvimisikidza pachedu, pazvichemo zvemitezo yemhuri, pane zvirevo zveavo vakakwanisa kubuda mugehena uye kunyangwe pauchapupu hwevadzvinyiriri avo nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisina kujeka vakauya kwatiri kuti vataure zvavaiziva (… ) ".
- Mashoko ekutanga naGabriel García Márquez kuna Habla Fide, naGianni Mina
“Zvinhu zviviri zvakakwezva isu vedu avo tainzwa Fidel Castro kekutanga. Imwe yaive simba rake rinotyisa rekunyengera. Imwe yacho yaive yekushomeka kwenzwi rake. Izwi rakashoshoma raitaridza kufema pane dzimwe nguva. Mumwe chiremba aimuteerera akaita chinyorwa chakakura pamusoro pechakarasika, uye akagumisa kuti kunyangwe pasina kutaura kweAmazonia senge remusi iwoyo, Fidel Castro akatongerwa kusave nenzwi mukati memakore mashanu. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, muna Nyamavhuvhu 1962, fungidziro yakaratidzika kunge inopa chiratidzo chekutanga, paakanyarara mushure mekuzivisa muhurukuro kugadzwa kwemakambani eNorth America. Asi kwaive kukanganisa kwechinguva uko kwaisadzokororwa (…) ”.
- Mashoko ekutanga aMario Vargas Llosa kumabasa akazara aJulio Cortázar
"Mhedzisiro ye Hopscotch payakaonekwa muna 1963, munyika inotaura chiSpanish, kwaive kudengenyeka kwenyika. Izvo zvakabvisa kunheyo kutendiswa kana kufungira izvo vanyori nevaverengi vaive nazvo pamusoro penzira nemagumo eunyanzvi hwekutaura nyaya uye yakawedzera miganho yemhando yacho kumiganhu isingafungidzike. Kutenda ku Hopscotch Takadzidza kuti kunyora yaive nzira huru yekunakidzwa, kuti zvaikwanisika kuongorora zvakavanzika zvepasi uye zvemutauro uchinge uine nguva yakanaka, uye kuti kutamba, iwe unogona kutsvaga zvakavanzika zvidimbu zvehupenyu izvo zvairambidzwa kune zvine musoro ruzivo, huchenjeri hune musoro, kudzika kwechiitiko icho hakuna munhu anogona kutarisisa pasina njodzi dzakakomba, senge kufa uye kupenga. (…) ”.
Tevera na:
- Nhanganyaya, knot uye mhedzisiro
- Monographs (monographic zvinyorwa)
