Zvemukati
- Mamiriro ezvinhu enzyme chiitiko
- Kupatsanura
- Enzymes mumaindasitiri maitiro
- Mienzaniso yemakemikari nemabasa awo
- Mamwe mashoko?
Iyomakemikari mapuroteni anoita se zvinokurudzira, ndiko kuti mhanyisa kuita kwemakemikari pasina kudyiwa kana kuve chikamu chezvigadzirwa zveizvozvo reaction. Zvese zvinoitika zvinoitika mumuviri zvinopindirana nema enzymes, saka zviri pachena kuti ma enzyme ane mabasa akasiyana siyana muzvinhu zvipenyu.
Pakati pemabasa ema enzymes ndeye iyokukurudzira kugaya uye kutora kwehutano, kubva kuchikafu chinodyiwa: enzayemu enzyme inoputsa iyo protein, makabhohaidhiretsi uye mafuta muzvinhu zvinowanikwa.
Mupfungwa iyi zvinonzi maenzyme anobatsira zvikuru mudumbu rekuzvimba, gasi uye kazhinji zvinorema zvikuru kugaya. Ivo zvakare vanogadzira iyo kuvharira kweanopisa maitiro uye unofarira iyo rova kupora, pamwe nekubatsira kubvisa chepfu uye kuwiriranisa immune system.
Mamiriro ezvinhu enzyme chiitiko
Enzyme chiitiko, zvisinei, chinoitwa nehutano hwakasiyana zvichienderana nemimwe mamiriro angave aripo mumuviri. Semuenzaniso, a yepamusoro substrate yevasungwa kana imwe yakakwirira enzyme concentration chiyero icho enzymatic reaction inoitika ichiwedzera, kunyangwe kusvika kune imwe muganho.
Kune rimwe divi, kuwedzera kwe10 ° C kunowedzeredza kumhanya kwekuita, asi kana mumwe muganho wasvika, kupisa kwacho kunopesana neiyo enzymatic chiitiko. Uye zvakare, iyo yakakwana pH yeiyo enzymatic chiitiko ndeye7 (kunze kwema enzymes ekugaya, ari mune mamiriro acid dumbu).
Kupatsanura
Iwo maratidziro akagadzirwa nema enzymes anosiyana pakati peaya anotarisa kuomarara kwavo, ayo anoongorora avo cofactors kana avo vanobatanidzwa mune enzymatic chiitiko:
Iyo hydrolases ndeaaya anokonzeresa maitiro ehydrolysis, nepo iyo muzvisha ndizvo izvo izvo chinogadzirisa maitiro mune imwe isomer inoshandurwa kuita imwe. Iyo leagues inobatsira kusungwa kwemamorekuru, nepo lias vanoita mukuita kwekuwedzera kana kubviswa kwezvisungo. Iyo oxidoreductases inobatsira kugadzirisa oxidation-kudzikisira kuita (kufambisa elektroniki kuchinjisa) uye zviuno ivo vanobatsira kutamisirwa kweboka kubva kune chimwe chinhu kuenda kune chimwe.
Enzymes mumaindasitiri maitiro
Kune akawanda maindasitiri maitiro izvo zvakasungirirwa kune zvakajairika mashandiro ema enzymes. Iyo kunwisa doro uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa kunwa, nepo maitiro mazhinji anopindira munyika dzakadai sekuvaka zvinoenderana navo.
Enzymes dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa pakurapa, inotarisirwa kurapa nzvimbo dzekuzvimba kwenzvimbo.
Heano mimwe mienzaniso yemhando yemakemikari ane mamwe mabasa awo, ehupenyu kana maindasitiri.
Mienzaniso yemakemikari nemabasa awo
- Trypsin: Inodambura peptide zvisungo padhuze neArginine kana lysine.
- Lactase: Inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemukaka, inodzivirira crystallization yemukaka wakadzvanywa.
- Gastrine: Inogadzira uye inovanza hydrochloric acid, uku ichikurudzira gastric kufamba.
- Dipeptidase: Mugadziri wemaviri amino acids.
- Chymosin: Inobatanidza mapuroteni emukaka muindasitiri yechizi.
- Lipase: Inopa mafuta acids, chero ikashanda mune alkaline nharaunda, ine yapfuura chiito che bile munyu.
- Secretin: Inovhara mvura uye sodium bicarbonate, mukuwedzera mukudzivirira gastric motility.
- Glucose isomerases: Inobvumira kushandiswa kweiyo yakakwira fructose manyuchi mukugadzirwa kwezvinonaka chikafu.
- Papain: Mukubika bheriya, inoshandiswa kunwisa malt paste.
- Bowel vasoactive peptide: Inowedzera kuyerera kweropa uye inovhenekera mvura yepancreatic fluid.
- Sucaraa: Inogadzira fructose uye glucose.
- Fiscina: Zvakakosha mukupa nyama nyama.
- Carboxypeptidase: Inoparadzanisa terminal carboxyamino acids.
- Bromelain: Inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwehydrolysates.
- Deoxyribonuclease: Inogadzira nucleotides, ine substrate yeDNA.
- Encephalin: Inhibhibhi iyo secretion yepancreatic enzymes uye yeiyo instinctual motility.
- Somatostatin: Anodzivisa secretion pamusoro hydrochloric asidhi.
- Amylase: Inopa glucose mudumbu nepancreas, kana ikashanda munzvimbo ine acidic.
- Lipoxidase: Mune indasitiri yechingwa, inovandudza mhando yayo uye inogadzira machena machena.
- Pepsin: Inogadzira peptides uye amino acids mudumbu, iri acidic svikiro.
- Ribonuclease: Inogadzira nucleotides, ine iyo RNA substrate.
- Yese glucagon: Inhibits motility uye secretion.
- Pectinase: Muindasitiri yezvinwiwa, inovandudza kujekesa uye kuburitsa muto.
- Tannasa: Inoshandura glucose kuita fructose, mukuwedzera pakudzivirira browning uye off-flavour mune zvimwe zvinwiwa.
- Ptyalin: Inopa monosaccharides uye disaccharides, kana ichishanda munzvimbo ine zvine mutsindo.
Mamwe mashoko?
- Mienzaniso yeDigestive Enzymes
- Mienzaniso yeCoenzymes
