Kwakavharwa nenyama Zvinhu

Zvemukati

• Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvakasununguka

Inozivikanwa sezvinhu zvakaomarara avo vakapiwa kugona kudzoreredza saizi yavo yepakutanga, kana simba remuchina rakatsigira rinovamanikidza kuti vawane chimiro chakasiyana. Semuyenzaniso: zvinhu zvenaironi, latex, rabha, polyester. Maitiro aya anotongwa neMutemo waHooke, uyo unonzwisisa hukama pakati pekushushikana uye kushushikana pasi peModulus yeElasticity.

Zvinhu zvakavharwa zvinogona kuve zvakasikwa, semi-synthetic kana synthetic, zvinoenderana nedanho ravo rekuwedzera kuburikidza neruoko rwemunhu.

• Onawo: Ductile zvigadzirwa

Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvakasununguka

1. Elastin Iprotein inopa kuomarara uye kupokana nemhuka inobatanidza mhuka, ichibvumira kuti iwedzere uye itangezve chimiro.
2. Rubha. Iyo polymer yemavambo echisikiro ayo anowanikwa kubva mukumwa kwemimwe miti chaiyo, inodzora mvura, inopesana nemagetsi, uye yakasimba kwazvo. Iyo inoshandiswa kune akawanda mabhizimusi ekushandisa, kubva kumatoyi kusvika kune elastic mabhandi.
3. Zvinhu zvenaironi. Iyo yekugadzira polymer, yakatorwa kubva peturu, iri yeboka repolyamides. Kuwedzera kwaro kuri pakati nepakati, zvinoenderana nezvinowedzerwa panguva yekugadzirwa kwayo.
4. Lycra. Inozivikanwa seelastane kanaspandex, inogadzirwa faibha yakashongedzwa nekushomeka kukuru uye kusimba, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka kumachira uye maindasitiri ekushandisa.
5. Latex. Iyo ndiyo yakanyanya kusimba zvinhu, zvakasiyana mumakemikari ayo akaumbika kubva kuRabha uye mamwe marimu emuriwo akafanana neakabva. Latex inoumbwa ne gummy fats, waxes uye resin, inotorwa nekugadziriswa kubva kune mamwe angiosperm zvinomera uye zvimwe fungi. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kumagirovhosi nemakondomu.
6. Rubha. Icho chinhu chinotapira chehurefu hwakanyanya hwemasero, ane hunhu uye hwakasimba hunhu hautadzise kuve nehukuru hwakanyanya. Iyo ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuzivikanwa magetsi insulators,
7. Gum. Iyo polymer yemavambo echisikigo, icho chinhu chinoshandiswa kugadzira chingamu ndiyo sosi yemutiManilkara zapota(sapota kana zapotilla), inotangira kondinendi yeAmerica. Iri resin rinoshandiswa kwete chete mukutsenga chingamu, asiwo muvarnishi, mapurasitiki uye zvinonamatira uye, pamwechete nerabha, seyakagadziriswa indasitiri.
8. Kwakavharwa nenyama bhendi. Inozivikanwa sebhendi rerabha kana yerabha bhendi, irabha uye bhendi yerabha, inogadzirwa mune yakatenderera bhendi uye yakapihwa mahydrocarbon anoderedza kuomarara kwayo mukutsinhana nekuomarara nekutevedzera. Iyo yakanaka insulator, asi ishoma kwazvo kupisa kupisa.
9. Mvere. Iyo yakasikwa fiber yakawanikwa kubva kune mammals emhuri yembudzi, senge mbudzi, makwai uye makamera (alpacas, llamas, vicuñas) uye kunyangwe tsuro, kuburikidza nekuveurwa kwemhuka. Nayo, jira rakasununguka uye rinodzora moto rakagadzirwa, rinobatsira pambatya kudzivirira kubva kuchando.
10. Cartilage. Parizvino mumuviri wemunhu uye nemamwe ma vertebrate, inobata nzvimbo iri pakati pemabhonzo uye inogadzira pinna yekunzwika nemhuno. Mune mamwe marudzi anoita mafupa avo akazara kana anenge akazara. Iyo yakasununguka uye haina mitsipa yeropa, saka inogona kuzadzikisa basa rayo sekudzora kwepfupa uye kudzivirira kwekukweshera kupfeka.
11. Graphene Iyo yakasununguka yakasununguka, inoumbwa neyakaenzana imwe grafiti, yakanyanyisa kuitisa uye isina kana atomu rimwe gobvu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumagetsi uye nanotechnology, nekuti iri conductor huru.
12. Silicone. Iyi inorganic polymer inowanikwa kuburikidza ne polysiloxane, resin yemvura uye inoumbwa nesilicon uye maatomu eoksijeni mune akateedzana akateedzana. Iyo haina hwema, isina ruvara uye inert kunyangwe panguva dzakanyanya tembiricha. Kushanda kwayo kwemaindasitiri kwakasiyana kwazvo, kunyangwe mune yekurapa uye yekuvhiya indasitiri, kana mune yekubika.
13. Furo. Polyurethane furo (PU furo) chimiro chemapurasitiki ane porous ayo asipo mune zvakasikwa, asi ane akakurisa maindasitiri uye ezvokutengeserana maficha emunhu. Iyo ine mavambo akafanana neayo epolyester.
14. Polyester. Iri ndiro zita rakapihwa kune iro rese chikamu cheelastic zvinhu zvakawanikwa mune zvakasikwa kubvira 1830, asi zvakagadzirwa zvakarimwa kubva peturu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana nekuda kwekukwirisa kwayo hunyoro, makemikari vamiririri uye masimba emagetsi.
15. Neuromuscular bhandeji. Inozivikanwa sekinesiotaping, chinhu chine matapeti akasiyana ekotoni akashongedzerwa neakisi yekunamatira, inokwanisa kutambanudza inopfuura 100% yehukuru hwayo hwepakutanga uye inoshandiswa mukupfeka kwemaronda nekukuvara.
16. Balloons Yakagadzirwa kubva kune inochinja zvinhu zvichibva parabha kana epurasitiki ine aluminized, iwo anogadzikana midziyo inowanzo zadzwa nemhepo, helium kana mvura uye inoshandiswa kuzvivaraidza zvinangwa. Iko kune zvekare zvakasiyana siyana zvakagadzirirwa kurapwa uye murabhoritari kushandiswa.
17. Tambo Yakagadzirwa neyakachinjika zvinhu zvakarongedzwa mune homogeneous tambo, tambo dzakakwenenzverwa dzinogona kudedera zvakasununguka uye kubereka acoustic mafungu. Ndokusaka zvichishandiswa muzviridzwa zvakadai segitare kana gitare.
18. Washington City Offices. Inowanikwa nekutambanudza girazi rakaumbwa, icho chinhu chinoumbwa nemapolymer akasiyana siyana akavakirwa nesilicon, iyo inoita kuti ichinjike. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya seye insulator uye conductor, kunyanya muindastiri yekutaurirana.
19. Plastiki. Iyo hombe seti yezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvakawanikwa nekupolita kabhoni yakabva kune akasiyana mahydrocarbon, akadai semafuta. Iyo yakapihwa kumwe kusimba uye kuchinjika mukutarisana nekupisa, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kuigadzira mumhando dzakasiyana. Pane imwe inotonhora, iyo yakasununguka margin inoderera.
20. Jelly. Icho chisanganiswa chakati-yakasimba (ingangoita tembiricha yemukamuri) inozivikanwa sejel colloid uye inogadzirwa kubva mukubika kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka collagen, senge shwashwa. Iyo yakasununguka uye inogadziriswa pakupisa: inosanganiswa mumvura inopisa uye inosimbisa mukutonhora.

• Inotevera ne: Brittle zvinhu