Coenzymes

Zvemukati

• Mienzaniso ye coenzymes

Iyo coenzymes kana cosubstrates ivo rudzi diki rwe Morekuru, Yeasina-protein maitiro, ane basa mumuviri kutakura chaiwo makemikari mapoka pakati peakasiyana maenzyme, pasina kuve chikamu chechimiro. Iyo inzira yekumisikidza iyo inoshandisa coenzymes, iyo inoenderera ichishandiswazve nemetabolism, ichibvumidza kuenderera kweiyo kutenderera uye kuchinjana kwemapoka emakemikari ane hushoma hwemakemikari nesimba rekudyara.

Kune akasiyana akasiyana siyana eecenzenzes, mamwe acho anowanikwa kune ese marudzi ehupenyu. Mazhinji acho mavitamini kana anobva kwavari.

Onawo: Mienzaniso yeEnzyme (uye basa ravo)

Mienzaniso ye coenzymes

• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH uye NAD +). Unotora chikamu mune redox reaction, iyi coenzyme inowanikwa mune zvese masero zvisikwa zvipenyu, kungave seNAD + (yakagadzirwa kubva pakutanga kubva ku tryptophan kana aspartic acid), inogonachisa uye electron receptor; kana seNADH (oxidation reaction chigadzirwa), ichideredza mumiririri uye mupi wemagetsi.
• Coenzyme A (CoA). Inotarisira kuendesa maacyl mapoka anodiwa kune akasiyana metabolic macircuit (senge synthesis uye oxidation yemafuta acids), ndeye yemahara coenzyme yakatorwa muvhitamini B5. Nyama, howa uye zai yolk ndezvikafu zvakapfuma muvhitamini iyi.
• Tetrahydrofolic acid (Coenzyme F). Inozivikanwa se coenzyme F kana FH₄ uye yakatorwa kubva ku folic acid (Vitamin B₉), inonyanya kukosha mukutenderera kwekutanga kweamino acids uye kunyanya ye purine, kuburikidza nekutapurirana kwemethyl, formyl, methylene uye formimino mapoka. Kushomeka kweiyi coenzyme kunokonzera kupererwa neropa.
• Vhitamini K. Yakabatanidzwa neropa rinovhara ropa chinhu, inoshanda seyakagonesa mapuroteni eplasma uye osteocalcin. Inowanikwa nenzira nhatu: Vitamin K₁, yakawanda mune chero chikafu uye yemuriwo mavambo; Vhitamini K₂ yebhakitiriya mavambo uye Vitamin K₃ yezvakagadzirwa zvekutanga.
• Cofactor F420. Inotorwa kubva kuna flavin uye kutora chikamu mukutakura kwemaerekitironi mune detox reaction (redox), zvakakosha kune akawanda maitiro e methanogenesis, sulfitoreduction uye oxygen detoxification.
• Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Morekuru iri rinoshandiswa nezvose zvipenyu kupa simba kune avo maitiro emakemikari uye inoshandiswa mukufananidzwa kwema cell RNA. Ndiyo mainjini ekuchinjisa mamorekuru kubva kune imwe sero kuenda kune imwe.
• S-adenosyl methionine (SAM). Inobatanidzwa mukuchinjiswa kwemethyl mapoka, yakawanikwa kekutanga mu1952. Iyo inoumbwa neATP uye methionine, uye inoshandiswa sechibatsiri mukudzivirira kweAlzheimer's. Mumuviri unoburitswa nekudyiwa na chiropa masero.
• Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Iyo inonziwo sapropterin kana BH₄, yakakosha coenzyme yeiyo synthesis ye nitric oxide uye hydroxylases anonhuwirira amino acids. Kushomeka kwayo kwakabatana nekurasikirwa nemaurotransmitter senge dopamine kana serotonin.
• Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone). Iyo inozivikanwawo seubidecarenone kana coenzyme Q, uye zvakajairika kune angangoita ese aripo mitochondrial maseru. Izvo zvakakosha kune aerobic cellular kufema, ichigadzira 95% yesimba mumuviri wemunhu seATP. Inotorwa seantioxidant uye inokurudzirwa sedhayeti yekuwedzera, nekuti mukukwegura iyi coenzyme haichakwanise kugadzirwa.
• Glutathione(GSH). Iyi tripeptide ndeye antioxidant uye sero inodzivirira kurwisa mahara radicals uye zvimwe zvine chepfu. Iyo inogadziriswa muchiropa, asi chero sero revanhu rinokwanisa kuzviita kubva kune mamwe maamino acids, akadai seglycine. Inofungidzirwa semubatsiri akakosha mukurwisa chirwere cheshuga, akasiyana maitiro ecocinogenic uye chirwere chetsinga.
• Vitamini C (ascorbic acid). Iyo shuga asidi inoshanda se simba antioxidant uye ane zita rinobva kuchirwere chinokonzera kushomeka kwayo, inonzi scurvy. Iko kusangana kweiyi coenzyme kunodhura uye kwakaoma, saka kudya kwayo kunodiwa kuburikidza nechikafu.
• Vhitamini B₁ (thiamine). Molecule yakanyungudika mumvura uye isingasviki mudoro, inodikanwa mukudya kweanenge ese vertebrates uye zvakawanda microorganisms, yemetabolism ye makabhohaidhiretsi. Kushomeka kwayo mumuviri wemunhu kunotungamira kuzvirwere zveberiberi uye Korsakoff syndrome.
• Biocytin. Inokosha mukuchinjisa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, inoitika zvakasununguka muropa serum uye weti. Iyo inoshandiswa mukutsvagisa kwesainzi seti tincture yemasero etsinga.
• Vhitamini B₂ (riboflavin). Iyi yeyellow pigment yakakosha mukudya kwemhuka, sezvo ichidikanwa neese flavoproteins uye simba metabolism, ye lipids, makabhohaidhiretsi, protein uye amino acids. Inogona kuwanikwa zvakasikwa kubva mumukaka, mupunga, kana miriwo miriwo.
• Vhitamini B₆ (pyridoxine). Mvura-inogadziriswa coenzyme inobviswa kuburikidza neweti, saka inofanirwa kutsiviwa kuburikidza nechikafu: hutachiona hwegorosi, zviyo, mazai, hove uye nyemba, pakati pezvimwe zvekudya. Iyo inobatanidzwa mune metabolism ye neurotransmitters uye ine basa rakakurumbira mudunhu remagetsi.
• Lipoic asidhi. Yakagadzirwa kubva octanoic fatty acid, inobatanidzwa mukushandiswa kweglucose uye mukumisikidzwa kweakawanda antioxidants. Icho chiri chemavambo mavambo.
• Vhitamini H (biotin). Iyo inozivikanwawo seVitamin B₇ kana B₈, yakakosha pakuputsika kwemamwe mafuta uye maamino acids, uye inogadzirwa nevakawanda mabhakitiriya ura
• Coenzyme B. Izvo zvakakosha mukuchinja kwe redox kwakajairika kwechizvarwa chemethane nehupenyu hwehutachiona.
• Cytidine triphosphate. Chinokosha mumetabolism yezvisikwa zvipenyu, iri yakasimba-simba molecule, yakafanana neATP. Izvo zvakakosha kune iyo synthesis yeDNA neRNA.
• Nucleotide shuga. Vanopa shuga monosaccharides, yakakosha mubumbiro rebumbiro re nucleic acids senge DNA kana RNA, kuburikidza nemaitiro eserification.

Inogona kukushandira: Mienzaniso yeDigestive Enzymes