Trophic ngetani

Zvemukati

• Mienzaniso yechikafu cheni

Iyo Trophic ngetani kana cheni dzechikafu isimba kana macircule emhando dzakasiyana pakati pezvisikwa zvakasiyana zvinobatanidzwa munharaunda yehupenyu, umo imwe neimwe inodya kubva kune yapfuura.

Yakatumidzwa zitatrophic levelkune yega yega chinongedzo muketani iyi, iyo inosarudza hukama hwesango neayo ari kumusoro kana pasi muketani: zvikara uye chikafu zvichiteerana. Nekudaro, iwo mutserendende wedenderedzwa kana zvikara zvakakura zvikafa uye nekutsigira utachiona uye zvinokanganisa zvinodya zvisaririra zvavo.

Zvakare kutaura, cheni yekudya inoumbwa neyekutanga rung yevagadziri (kazhinji photosynthetic), chinongedzo chemagwenzi emombe kana vakohwi, uyezve kukwira kwakateedzana kwezvikara kusvika vasvika pakukura.

Matambudziko eiyo trophic cheni anonongedzera mukutsakatika kwehumwe hukama hwepakati, izvo zvaizotungamira mukuwanda zvisina kurongeka kwemamwe marudzi uye kutsakatika kwemamwe, sezvo chiyero chehupenyu chakarasika.

• Inogona kukubatsira: Mienzaniso yechikafu cheni

Mienzaniso yechikafu cheni

1. Mugungwa, iyo phytoplankton (muriwo) inoshanda sechikafu chemalacostraceous crustaceans (krill), ayo anodyiwa ne (kwazvo) hove diki. Izvi, zvakare, zvinobatwa nehove hombe senge sardini, dzinoshanda sekudya kwezvikara zvakadai sebarracuda. Idzi, kana dzichifa, dzinoora neanosvuura senge makakanje uye nezvimwe zvinokambaira.
2. Iyo tsuro Vanodya zvinomera nemiriwo, asi vanodyiwa nepumas, makava, uye zvimwe zviri pakati nepakati zvinodya makumbo mana. Kana zvikafa, zvekupedzisira zvinoshanda sekudya kweshiri dzakaora senge gallinazos (zamuros).
3. Iyo zvirimwa Dzinogumisirwa nemhashu, idzo dzinoshanda sechikafu cheshiri diki diki dzakasiyana, dzinozobatwa nekuvhima shiri dzakadai segondo kana gora, iyo miviri yayo inozoora nehutachiona nefungi kana zvafa.
4. Iyo zvipembenene sema lobster anodya mashizha emashizha, minwe inodya zvipembenene inodzidya, uye nyoka dzinodya matinji. Uye pakupedzisira, idzi nyoka dzinogona kudyiwa nedzakakura.
5. Iyo zooplankton yegungwa Inoshanda sechikafu chevahove, vanovabata nemabhero avo marefu, uye izvi zvinobatwa nemunhu.
6. Nyama inoora ye mhuka dzakafa Inoshanda sechikafu chemakonye enhunzi, idzo pavanenge vachikura voita imagos dzinozobatwa nedandemutande. iyo Jingle Bhero.
7. Iyo mafuro inodyisa hwai, dzinodzvinyirirwa nemajaguar nemapuma, ayo, kana afa, akaora ave humus nemabhakitiriya nefungi, nokudaro achifudza huswa zvakare.
8. Iyo Cortex yemiti inoshanda sechikafu cheimwe mhando yefungi, inova chikafu chemakonzo madiki (senge squirrels), ayo anozobatwa neshiri dzinodya nyama (semazizi).
9. Iyo marine phytoplankton Icho chikafu chemabhivalve akadai semamhushi, ayo anotorwa nemakakanje uye aya anozoteverwa nemakungwa.
10. Iyo bete Peloteros inodya tsvina yemhuka dzakakwirira, asi inodyiwa nemadzvinyu nemadzvinyu, ichizodyawo mhuka dzinokamwisa semakondo.
11. Zvipembenene zvakawanda zvakafanana nyuchi Dzinorarama pane maruva nekita, uye dzinovhenekwa nespider idzo dzinozodyisa shiri diki, dzinobatwa nekatsi dzemusango senge katsi yemusango.
12. Iyo zooplankton Marine anodyisa zvidiki mamollusk akadai senge squid, anodyiwa zvakanyanya nehove dziri pakati nepakati, uyezve chikafu chezvisimbiso uye zvipuka zvemumvura, izvo zvinogona kuvhimwa nehove whale.
13. Iyo inowora zvinhu zvakasikwa inopa mabhakitiriya, ayo anoita zvimwe chetezvo neprotozoa (senge inorarama mahara amoebae), uye aya aine mamwe nematode (makonye), ayo anozopa chikafu chematatu makuru.
14. Iyo butterflies Ivo vanodya maruva kana muchero nekita, uye chikafu chekudya zvipembenene zvinodya zvakadai sekunamata mantis. Asi inoshandawo sekudya kwemabhata, ayo anozopedzisira abatwa nemaopusamu.
15. Iyo undergrowth Inotsigira hukuru hunodya mhuka dzakaita sembizi, iyo inobatwawo negarwe.
16. Iyo honye dzevhu Vanodya pazvinhu zvakasakara zviri muvhu pacharo, uyezve chikafu cheshiri diki, zvakare vanobatwa nekuvhima mhuka dzakadai sekitsi, idzo, kana dzikafa, dzinodzosera zvakasikwa zvepanyika kuti zvipe honye nyowani.
17. Iyo chibage Inoshanda sekudya kwehuku, mazai ayo anodyiwa nemaweasel, uye izvi zvakare nekuvhima nyoka.
18. Vamwe madandaude emvura Dzinodya nekudyara makonye ezvimwe zvipembenene, panguva yadzakanyura, uye panguva imwechete dzinoshanda senge dzinobata dzimwe hove dzemurwizi, dzinobatwa neshiri yeKingfisher kana neshiri.
19. Mugungwa, iyo plankton Inoshanda sechikafu chehove diki, uye idzi dzehove hombe dzinoteverwa nehove hombe. Tsumo iyi inoti mugungwa mune hove huru nguva dzose.
20. Vamwe zvipembenene zvipembenene muhuswa hwezvinyamusi (senge zvikwekwe) izvo ndizvo chikafu cheshiri dzedenga dzinowana chikafu chadzo nekuchenesa mhuka idzi. Idzi shiri dzinotorwawo neshiri dzinodya dzakaita sekondor.

• Onawo: Chii chinonzi commensalism?