Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya (uye zvairi)

Zvemukati

• Mienzaniso yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye mashandisiro awo

Iyo mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya Ivo vari mhando yemakemikari inotorwa kubva kuzvinhu zvipenyu kana zvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirwa, izvo chikuru chivakwa chiri icho che kudzivirira kukura uye kupararira kwehumwe hutachiona hutachiona hunoenderana neyakagadzirwa.

Iyo mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya Ivo anoshandiswa pakurapa kwevanhu, mhuka uye zvirimwa kurwisa hutachiona hwekutangira, ndosaka ivo vachizivikanwawo semabhakitiriya.

Mukutaura, iyo kurapwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshanda seimwe chemotherapy, ndiko kuti, kuzadza muviri nezvinhu zvinokuvadza kuhupenyu hwemagetsi, uko iyo microorganism pathogen kana chinopinda chinonyanya kunetseka kupfuura masero benign.

Kunzwa kwekutaura mabhakitiriya yakave yakakanganiswa nekushandiswa kusasarura kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kusimudzira kusagadzikana kwavari. Nechikonzero ichi, zvizvarwa zvitsva zvesimba zvakanyanya kana zvimwe zvakasarudzika zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvakafanirwa kugadzirwa.

Mienzaniso yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye mashandisiro awo

• Penicillin. Inotorwa kubva kune fungus penicillium naEnerst Duchesne muna 1897 uye netsaona yakagoneswa naAlexander Fleming, ndiyo yekutanga inogadzirwa nemushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya. Naizvozvo, akawanda mabhakitiriya emhando dzakatopikiswa nayo, asi inoramba ichishandiswa kurwisa pneumococci, streptococci uye staphylococci, pamwe nehutachiona hwakawanda mudumbu, ropa, mapfupa, majoini uye meninges. Kune varwere vanorwara neforoma yayo vasingakwanise kurapwa nayo.
• Arsphenamine. Iyo yekutanga chaiyo inorwisa mabhakitiriya, sezvo yakashandiswa pamberi penicillin kurwisa syphilis. Yakagadzirwa kubva kuArsenic, yakaedzwa kanoverengeka kusvikira isisina chepfu kumurwere, kunyangwe muhuwandu hwakawanda ichiri kuuraya. Yakatorwa misha nepenicillin, inova yakachengeteka uye inoshanda zvakanyanya.
• Erythromycin. Mishonga yekurwisa mabhakitiriya yekutanga yeboka re macrolides, ndiko kuti, yakapihwa malone mamorekuru mhete, yakawanikwa muna 1952 kubva kubhakitiriya riri muvhu rePhilippines. Iyo inoshanda kwazvo kurwisa gramu yakanaka mabhakitiriya yemukati uye yekufema turakiti, pamwe neChlamydia panguva yepamuviri, asi ine kusagadzikana mhedzisiro.
• Kanamycin. Yekushandisa kwakatemerwa nekuda kwehupfu hwayo, Kanamycin inonyanya kushanda kurwisa tibhii, mastitis, nephritis, septicemia, pneumonia, actinobacillosis uye kunyanya mafirita asingagone ku erythromycin. Iyo inoshandiswa, pamwe chete nemamwe maantibayoti, segadziriro yekushandira yekoloni.
• Amikacin. Kubva kuboka rema aminoglycosides, inoshanda pane hutachiona maitiro e synthesis e protein, kuvadzivirira kubva mukugadzira yavo maseru maseru. Iyo ndeimwe yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inorwisa mabhureki asingagone kune rimwe boka rayo uye inoshandiswa mune dzakakomba kesi dze sepsis, kana kupokana nezvipuka zvine njodzi zvikuru zve gram-negative.
• Clarithromycin. Yakatangwa nemasayendisiti eJapan muna 1970, pavakange vachitsvaga vhezheni yeErythromycin ine mashoma mhedzisiro, inowanzo shandiswa muganda, mazamu uye kufema, pamwe nevarwere veHIV kubata Mycobacterium avium.
• Azithromycin. Inotorwa kubva kuerythromycin uye iine hafu yeupenyu, dosi yaro yaanopihwa kamwe pazuva. Yakanyanya kushanda kurwisa bronchitis, mabayo, uye hutachiona hwepabonde kana weti nzira, pamwe nehutachiona hwehucheche.
• Ciprofloxacin. Broad spectrum, inorwisa zvakananga hutachiona DNA, ichidzivirira kubva pakubereka. Inoshanda kurwisa runyorwa rurefu rwebhakitiriya, inowanzo chengeterwa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, sezvo iri yakachengeteka uye ichikurumidza, asi ndeyeboka risingapikisi remishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kune ese: fluoroquinolones.
• Cefadroxil. Kubva kuboka rechizvarwa chekutanga, cephalosporins yakafara, mushonga uyu unorwisa hutachiona hweganda (maronda, kupisa), mweya wekufema, mapfupa, zvinyoro uye hutachiona hwe genitourinary.
• Loracarbef. Inoratidzirwa muzviitiko zve otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis kana tonsillitis, asi zvakare nezvirwere zveweti, mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya unobva kuchizvarwa chechipiri cephalosporins, chiri chekirasi nyowani: carbacephem.
• Vancomycin. Kubva pakurongeka kweglycopeptides, zvakavanzika zvakavanzika nemamwe mabhakitiriya enocardial. Iyo inoshanda kwazvo kurwisa gramu yakanaka, kwete yakaipa, mabhakitiriya uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyange hazvo matambudziko mazhinji achirwisa nemushonga.
• Amoxicillin. Iyo inotora penicillin, ine huwandu hwakakura, inoshanda mukurapa kwekupemha uye hutachiona hweganda uye huwandu hwakasiyana hwehutachiona, ndosaka uchiwanzoshandiswa mukurapa kwevanhu uye kwemhuka.
• Ampicillin. Zvakare yakatorwa kubva penicillin, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kubvira 1961 ichipesana ne meningococci uye listerias, pamwe ne pneumococci uye streptococci, asi kunyanya enterococci.
• Aztreonam. Yeyakagadzirwa mavambo, ine inoshanda kwazvo asi yakatetepa zvakanyanya: aerobic gram-negative bacteria. Icho chinotsiviwa chakanakira varwere vanorwara neepenicillin, chero bedzi zvakakodzera.
• Bacitracin. Zita rayo rinobva kumusikana uyo ane tibia mabhakitiriya kubva kwaanogadzirwa akaburitswa: Tracy. Iko mashandisiro ayo anotsemuka uye ekunze, nekuti zvinokuvadza ku itsvo, asi inobatsira kurwisa gram-yakanaka mabhakitiriya mumaronda uye mucous membranes. Iyo ndeimwe yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inokonzeresa pakuonekwa kwehutachiona uye husinga gadzike hutachiona.
• Doxycycline. Izvo ndezve tetracyclines, inobatsira kurwisa gramu yakanaka uye isina kunaka mabhakitiriya, uye inowanzo shandiswa kurwisa mabayo, acne, syphilis, chirwere cheLyme uye malaria.
• Clofazimine. Yakagadzirwa muna 1954 kurwisa chirwere chetibhii, icho chisinganyanyi kushanda, uye yakazova imwe yeanonyanya kurwisa maperembudzi.
• Pyrazinamide. Mukubatana nemamwe madhiragi, ndiwo mushonga mukuru wechibhii.
• Sulfadiazine. Inonyanya kutaurwa pamusoro pehutachiona hwehutachiona, pamwe ne toxoplasmosis, ndeye kushandiswa kwakapusa sezvo ichipa mhedzisiro senge vertigo, kuda kurutsa, manyoka uye anorexia.
• Colistin. Inoshanda kurwisa ese gram yakaipa bacilli uye kupesana nema polyresistant bacteria senge Pseudomonas aeruginosa kana Acinetobacter, Kuchinja kukwana kwemasero avo membrane. Nekudaro, inogona kuve neuro uye nephrotoxic mhedzisiro.