15 Mienzaniso yeKusanganiswa - Encyclopedia

Zvemukati

Mienzaniso yekunyongana
Unogona kukushandira

Iyo liquefaction kana liquefaction ndiyo nzira yekushandurwa kwenyaya ye gaseous nyika (kunyanya), yakanangana ne mvura mamiriro, nekuwedzera kumanikidza (isothermal compression) uye kudzikira kwetembiricha. Aya mamiriro, muchokwadi, anosiyanisa liquefaction kubva condensation kana kunaya.

Iyi nzira yakawanikwa nasayendisiti weBritish Michel Faraday mu 1823, panguva yekuyedza kwake neammonia, uye nhasi ndiyo imwe yemaitiro akajairika uye akakosha ekugadzirisa magesi nemaindasitiri ekushandisa.

Onawo: Mienzaniso kubva kuGaseous kuenda kuLiquids (uye imwe nzira yakatenderedza)

Mienzaniso yekunyongana

Liquefied chlorine. Iyi komputa ine chepfu inogadzirwa nemweya wechlorine, wekutsvenesa unotevera mumvura yakasviba, madziva ekushambira uye mamwe marudzi enzvimbo dzemumvura dzinoitirwa kuchenesa.
Liquid senitrogen. Inoshandiswa sefriji uye cryogenizer, sezvo iri gasi rakanyungudutswa rinochengeta huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa, zvakajairika mukubviswa kwedermatological kana kurapwa kwekuvhiya, kana kutonhora kwehurume nemazai evanhu.
Liquid okisijeni. Mune fomu yemvura, inoendeswa kuzvipatara nemumakiriniki uko, kana kumanikidzwa kwadzo kwapera, inodzokera kune yayo gaseous fomu uye inogona kupihwa nzira kuburikidza neiyo yekufema nzira kune varwere vane mapapu kushomeka.
Nehelium liquefaction. Izvi zvakaitwa kekutanga naHeike Kamerlingh Onnes muna 1913, izvo zvakabvumidza nhevedzano yekuyedza kunoshamisa neiyo helium yemvura (-268.93 ° C), seyakagadziriswa Thermomechanical nevamwe vakabvumira kunzwisiswa kuri nani Magasi akanaka.
Propane naButane vakasvinwa. Aya magasi eanowanzo shandiswa ekutengesa nemaindasitiri akapihwa kugona kwavo kupisa uye nemutengo wakachipa, anotakurwa mumatangi nemakarafesi zvakanyanya kunyatso fomha fomu, nekuti ivo vanotora nzvimbo shoma (ingangoita mazana matanhatu nguva yakaderera vhoriyamu) uye vanokwanisa kudzora.
Zvigadzikowo zvawo. Izvo zvemukati zvemapurasitiki akajairwa hapana chimwe kunze kwemagasi akanyoroveswa, ayo nekushandisa bhatani uye kubatidza moto, anodzokera kune yavo gaseous fomu uye kufudza iwo murazvo. Ndosaka kudziisa chakareruka iri zano rakaipa: iyo mvura inodzoreredza fomu yayo ine gasi uye inodzvanya kunze, ichikonzera mudziyo wepurasitiki kuputika.
Mafiriji. Mafiriji nemafiriji zvinogadzira kutonhora kubva padunhu remagasi akanyoroveswa mukati mekondakita, ayo anobvisa kupisa nekuchengetedza tembiricha yakaderera.
Liquefied peturu yegesi. Yakanyungudutswa mumafuta kana gasi chaiwo, iri hydrocarbon zviri nyore kwazvo kunwisa, zvakawanikwa na distillation catalytic fractional (kutsemuka) uye inoshandiswa segesi gasi.
Mhepo uye mapiritsi. Zviri mukati meaerosols mazhinji, kunyangwe ayo ependi yemumugwagwa, akamiswa mune yakanyanya kumanikidza gasi, iyo fomu iri mumudziyo iri mvura asi, kana mudziyo wacho waitwa, inodzokera kumhepo yekumanikidza uye ichidzorera mamiriro ayo egasi, ichimwaya iyo Yakatarirwa nzvimbo. nependi kana chinhu chinodiwa uye kuburitsa mamwe magasi mumhepo.
Carbon yakasviba (CO₂) mvura. Ese sedanho rapfuura rekuwana yakaoma ice, kana chikamu chemamwe maindasitiri maitiro anoida iyo, CO₂ yakawanda mumhepo inogona kunyoroveswa kana yaimanikidzwa zvakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa.
Kubviswa kweammonia. Sechikamu chekushandisa kwayo mukuwana akawanda ekuchenesa kana solvents, ammonia (NH₃) inogona kusanganiswa. Izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa mumamiriro ekunze mabharuni kuwedzera ballast, iyo inogona kudzoserwa zviri nyore kune gaseous mamiriro uye kusimudza chikepe.
Kuwedzeredza mweya. Iyo nzira yekuwana yakachena zvinhu zvekushandisa maindasitiri: mweya unotorwa kubva mudenga uye unosvinwa uchimanikidzwa, kuti uzoshambadza zvinhu zvaro uye ugone kuzvichengeta zvakasiyana, senge nitrogen, oxygen uye argon.
Liquefied yakanaka magasi. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune yekurapa yeiyo infrared spectroscopy, nekuti zvinhu izvi zviri pachena kune urwu rudzi rwemwaranzi uye hazvivanze iwo maratidziro ezvimedu kana zvinhu zvakanyungudika mazviri.
Superconductors. Munzvimbo huru dzesainzi kana dzemakomputa dzine michina inogadzira yakawanda ye kupisa, gasi rakanyoroveswa (pane tembiricha yakadzika kwazvo) yakadai sehydrogen uye helium inoshandiswa kudzivirira kupisa kweiyo michina yakasarudzika.
Yakanyorerwa argon. Sayenzi inoshandiswa mukutsvaga zvinhu zvakasviba, kuburikidza nemadhizaini mahombe ayo ane zvikamu zveArgon mune gasi uye mvura, kuburitsa mwenje nguva yega yega chinhu cherima parinosangana nechinhu ichi.