Acid munyu

Zvemukati

• Nomenclature yeasidhi munyu
• Mienzaniso yeasidhi munyu

Mu inorganic chemistry, pane kutaura nezve Munyu patinotaura nezvazvo makemikari anowanikwa apo asidi ine maatomu ehydrogen ayo anotsiviwa neakanyanya radicals, iyo mune chaiyo kesi ye acid munyu, ndeemhando isina kunaka (cations). Mukuti vanosiyaniswa ne kwazvakarerekera munyu kana munyu webhinari.

Munyu inowanzo kuumbwa kuburikidza nekuita pakati peacid uye hydroxide (base). Mukuita uku, kazhinji chigadziko chinorasikirwa nemapoka ehydroxyl (-OH) uye acid maatomu ehydrogen (H), achiumba munyu usina kwazvakarerekera; asi kana iyo asidi iri mubvunzo yakachengetedza imwe yemaatomu ayo ehydrogen, ichichinja magetsi emagetsi ekuita, tinowana acid munyu kana hydrogenated munyu.

Nekudaro, semuenzaniso, lithiamu bicarbonate inowanikwa kubva kune lithium hydroxide uye carbonic acid:

LiOH + H₂CO₃ = Li (HCO₃) + H₂KANA

Mhinduro, sezvichaonekwa, zvakare inokanda mvura sechigadzirwa.

Nomenclature yeasidhi munyu

Zvinoenderana neremazita anoshanda, easidhi munyu nzira yechinyakare yekupa mazita emunyu usina kwayakarerekera inofanira kushandiswa kubva kumixiketi -e kana -ite, asi yakatangira nechisimboti chinoratidza huwandu hweatomu ehydrogen akachinjwa pa Morekuru. Nekudaro, semuenzaniso, lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃) ichava nemaatomu maviri ehydrogen (bi = maviri).

Kune rimwe divi, zvinoenderana nesystemic zita, izwi hydrogen kune zita rairo remunyu unowanikwa, kuremekedza zvimiro zvekutanga zvinongedzera kumaatomu ehydrogen akatsiva. Nekudaro, lithium hydrogen carbonate kana lithium hydrogen carbonate ichave nzira dzekutumidza iyo imwechete lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃).

Mienzaniso yeasidhi munyu

1. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃). Iyo inonziwo sodium hydrogen carbonate (IV), iyo chena crystalline yakasimba, yakanyungudika mumvura, iyo inogona kuwanikwa mune zvakasikwa munzvimbo yemaminerari kana inogona kugadzirwa murabhoritari. Iyo ndeimwe yemunyu une acidic unozivikanwa uye unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu confectionery, pharmacology kana kugadzira yogati.
2. Lithium bicarbonate (LiHCO₃). Iyi acid munyu yakashandiswa senge inotora mumiriri weEC₂ mumamiriro ezvinhu apo gasi rakadai risingadiwe, senge kuNorth America "Apollo" nzvimbo mamishini.
3. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄). Crystalline yakasimba, isina hwema, yakanyungudika mumvura, zvakafara inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana siyana senge mbiriso yechikafu, mumiriri wekubiridzira, musimboti wezvehutano uye mubatsiri mukufisa.
4. Sodium bisulfate (NaHSO₄). Acid munyu inoumbwa neyakaregedza sulfuric acid, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri mukuchenesa simbi, kuchenesa zvigadzirwa uye kunyangwe iri zvine chepfu kune mamwe echinoderms, inoshandiswa sechiwedzera mune chikafu chemhuka uye mukugadzira zvishongo.
5. Sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS). Dangerous compound yemubato usingabatike, sezvo ichikanganisa zvakanyanya uye ine chepfu. Inogona kukonzera kupisa kwakakomba kweganda uye kukuvara kwemaziso, sezvo zvakare ichipisa.
6. Calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO₄). Inoshandiswa seyekuwedzera chikafu mune zviyo uye chikafu chechipfuwo, iri yakasimba isingasviki mumvura asi inokwanisa kugwinyisa painosvinwa nekudya mamorekuru maviri emvura.
7. Ammonium hydrogen carbonate ([NH₄] HCO₃). Inozivikanwa seammonium bicarbonate uye inoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvokudya semakemikari mbiriso, kunyangwe iine mukana wekubata ammonia, ichipa chikafu kuravira kwakashata kana chikashandiswa mukuwandisa. Iyo inoshandiswawo mukudzimisa moto, kugadzira pigment, uye sekuwedzera rabha.
8. Barium bicarbonate (Ba [HCO₃]₂). Acidic munyu iyo painopisa inogona kudzosera kugadzirwa kwayo uye haina kugadzikana kunze kwekugadzirisa. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu ceramic indasitiri.
9. Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃). Munyu uyu hauna kugadzikana zvakanyanya uye pamberi peoksijeni unopinda mune sodium sulfate, ndosaka uchishandiswa muindasitiri yezvikafu sekuchengetedza chikafu uye desiccant. Iyo yakanyanyisa kudzora mumiririri uye inowanzo shandiswa nemurume, zvakare inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa mavara.
10. Calcium citrate (Ca₃[C₆H₅KANA₇]₂). Inowanzozivikanwa semunyu unovava, inoshandiswa senzira yekuchengetedza chikafu uye sekuwedzera kwekudya zvinovaka muviri kana ichibatanidzwa neamino acid lysine. Iyo chena, isina hwema, crystalline upfu.
11. Monocalcium phosphate(Ca [H₂PO₄]₂). Isina mavara yakasimba iyo inowanikwa kubva pakuita kwecalcium hydroxide uye phosphoric acid, Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya seyakavirisa mumiririri kana sefetiraiza mune zvekurima basa.
12. Dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO₄). Iyo inozivikanwawo secalcium monohydrogen phosphate, ine matatu akasiyana macristalline mafomu ayo Ivo anoshandiswa seyekuwedzera mune chikafu uye inowanikwa mune ekugadzira mazino. Uye zvakare, inowanzo gadzirwa mumatombo eitsvo uye iyo inonzi "mazino" emazino.
13. Monomagnesium phosphate (MgH₄P₂KANA₈). Inoshandiswa se acidulant, acidity corrector kana mumiririri pakurapa mafira, iyo isina munhuwi, crystalline chena munyu, zvishoma soluble mumvura uye inoshandiswa mukuchengetedza chikafu.
14. Sodium diacetate (NaH [C₂H₃KANA₂]₂). Munyu uyu unoshandiswa seunonhuhwirira uye unochengetedza mumiririri pakudya, kudzivirira kana kunonoka kuoneka kwefungus uye microbacteria, zvese zviri mumidziyo yakarongedzwa zvigadzirwa senge nyama nyama uye muindasitiri yeupfu.
15. Calcium bicarbonate (Ca [HCO₃]₂). Hydrogenated munyu inotangira kubva ku calcium carbonate, irimo mune zvicherwa zvakaita sedombo, marble nezvimwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuvepo kwemvura uye CO₂, saka zvinogona kuitika zvega mumapako uye mumapako ane calcium yakawanda.
16. Rubidium acid fluoride (RbHF). Munyu uyu unowanikwa kubva pakuita kwehydrofluoric acid (hydrogen uye fluorine X) uye Rubidium, simbi yealkali. Mhedzisiro yacho chinhu chine chepfu uye chinoparadza chinofanira kugadziriswa nekungwarira..
17. Monoammonium phosphate ([NH₄] H₂PO₄). Mvura inogadzikana munyu inogadzirwa neyakaitwa neammonia uye phosphoric acid, zvakawandisa inoshandiswa sefetiraiza sezvo ichipa ivhu riine nitrogen uye phosphorus zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa pakukura kwemiti. Icho zvakare chikamu cheABC poda muzvidzimi zvemoto.
18. Zinc hydrogen orthoborate(Zn [HBO₃]). Munyu unoshandiswa seantiseptic uye sechiwedzera mukugadzirwa kwe ceramics.
19. Monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄). Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarabhoritari, se "buffer”Kana buffer solution, iyo inodzivirira kamwe kamwe shanduko mu pH yemhinduro.
20. Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP). Iyo inonziwo potassium acid phthalate, yakasimba uye yakasimba mumunyu mune yakajairwa mhepo, saka inowanzo shandiswa seyakajairika muyero muzviyero zve pH. Izvo zvakare zvinobatsira seye buffering mumiriri mu maitiro emakemikari.

Inogona kukushandira:

• Mienzaniso yeMamineral salt uye basa rayo
• Mienzaniso yeNeutral Salts
• Mienzaniso yeOxisales munyu