Munyori:
Laura McKinney
Zuva Rekusika:
7 Kubvumbi 2021
Gadziridza Zuva:
14 Chivabvu 2024
Zvemukati
Iyomitemo yezvakasikwa izvo zvirevo zvinotaura zvinogara zvichingoitika. Ivo vanoonekwachinogara nekuti ivo vakawanikwa vachidzokorora mune akasiyana mamiriro uye mamiriro.
Kuumbwa kwemitemo kunoenderana nekutarisisa kwezviitiko zvechisikigo, izvo zvinobvumidza kutora mhedzisiro nezve kwavo kusagadzikana uye kufungidzira.
Hunhu hwemitemo yakasikwa ndeiyi:
- Zvese zvakasikwa. Chero bedzi mamiriro ezvinhu akatsanangurwa nemutemo akasangana, izvo zvinoitika zvichaitika.
- Zvinangwa. Mitemo yechisikigo ine chinangwa, ndiko kuti, inogona kusimbiswa nemumwe munhu.
- Kufanotaura. Sezvo zviri zvepasirese, zvinotibvumidza kuti tifanoona kuti zvimwe zviitiko zvichaitika mune mamwe mamiriro.
Mimwe mitemo inodanwa kunzi musayendisiti akawana chiitiko ichi, saNewton, Kepler, kana Mendel.
- Onawo: Entropy mune zvakasikwa
Mienzaniso yemitemo yakasikwa
- Mutemo wekutanga waNewton. Mutemo we inertia. Isaac Newton aive physicist, muvambi, uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu. Akawana iyo mitemo inodzora yechinyakare fizikisi. Mutemo wawo wekutanga ndewekuti: "Mutumbi wega wega unoshingirira mukuzorora kana yunifomu kana kufamba kweruoko, kunze kwekunge yakamanikidzwa kushandura nyika yayo, nemasimba akasimbiswa pairi."
- Mutemo wechipiri weNewton. Mutemo wakakosha wemasimba. .
- Mutemo wechitatu waNewton. Nheyo yekuita nekuita. "Pane chiito chega chega chinoenderana nemhinduro"; .
- Zero musimboti we thermodynamics. Yakagadzirwa naRalph Fowler, inoti miviri miviri iri patembiricha imwe haigadzikane kupisa. Imwe nzira yekuratidzira mutemo uyu: kana miviri miviri yakapatsanurana imwe neimwe iri mukati mekupisa nemuviri wechitatu, saka ivo vari mukuyanana kwekushisa pamwe neumwe neumwe.
- Kutanga Mutemo weThermodynamics. Nheyo yekuchengetedza simba. "Simba harigadzwe kana kuparadzwa, rinongoshanduka chete."
- Mutemo wechipiri we thermodynamics. Mune mamiriro ehutano, hunhu hwakatorwa nehunhu hweyakavharwa thermodynamic system ndeyekuti vanowedzera kukosha kwehumwe hukuru iri basa reaya ma parameter, anonzi entropy.
- Mutemo wechitatu we thermodynamics. Nernst akatumira. Inoisa zviitiko zviviri: kana uchinge wasvika pamhedzisiro zero (zero Kelvin) chero maitiro mugadziriro yemuviri inomira.Paunosvika pamhedzisiro zero, iyo entropy inosvika padiki uye nguva dzose kukosha.
- Mutemo wekuchengetedza kwenyaya.Mutemo waLamonosov Lavoisier. "Huwandu hwemasheya evose vanoita zvekuita zvakaenzana neuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvese zvinowanikwa."
- Mutemo wekutanga waMendel. Mutemo wekufananidzwa kweyekutanga-chizvarwa heterozygotes. Gregor Mendel aive naturalist akawana nzira iyo majini anopfuudzwa kubva kune chimwe chizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe kuburikidza nekutarisa kwemiti. Mutemo wawo wekutanga unoratidza kuti kubva pakuyambuka marudzi maviri akachena, mhedzisiro ichave vana vane hunhu hwakafanana, zvese phenotypic uye genotypically pakati pavo uye ivo vanozove phenotypically zvakafanana neumwe wevabereki.
- Mutemo waChipiri waMendel. Mutemo wekuparadzaniswa kwemavara muchizvarwa chechipiri. Munguva yekuumbwa kwemageteti, yega yega yega mapara akapatsanurwa kubva kune imwe allele yeiyo imwechete vaviri, kupa kumutsa kune genetics yeiyo yemhuri gamete.
- Mutemo wechitatu waMendel. Mutemo wekusununguka kwevatambi venhaka: hunhu hwakagara nhaka zvakasununguka kune mumwe nemumwe. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chokwadi chekugara nhaka hunhu kubva kune mumwe wevabereki hazvireve kuti vamwe vakagarawo nhaka.
- Mutemo waKepler Wokutanga. Johannes Kepler aive nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga uye yemasvomhu akawana zviitiko zvisingawanzoitika mukufamba kwemapuraneti. Mutemo wake wekutanga unotaura kuti mapuraneti ese anofamba achitenderera zuva mumatenderedzwa erliptical. Yese ellipse ine maviri foci. Zuva riri mune chimwe chazvo.
- Mutemo wechipiri waKepler. Kukurumidza kwemapuraneti: "Radiyo vector iyo inobatana nenyika uye zuva rinotsvaira nzvimbo dzakaenzana munguva dzakaenzana."
- Enderera ne: Mitemo yaNewton
