Zvemukati
Izwi transculturation kunobva kuranga kwevanhu, kunyanya Fernando Ortiz Fernández, uyo mune ongororo yeCuba yezvakaitika-zvetsika midzi akaona mubvunzo wekuti tsika dzemagariro, dzisingamiriri, zvishoma nezvishoma dzinogamuchira nekutora mamwe mafomu etsika kubva kune mamwe mapoka.
Iyo maitiro ekuchinja Inogona kunge ichiwedzera zvakanyanya kana zvishoma, asi nyaya yayo yepakati ndiwo mubvunzo wekuti imwe tsika inopedzisira ichitsiva imwe. Kazhinji, shanduko iyi inotora kanenge makore mashoma, uye kutsiva pakati pezvizvarwa ndicho chokwadi chakakosha chekuchinja mutsika dzetsika.
Mafomu uye mienzaniso yekuchinja
Nekudaro, transculture haimbove chinhu chinongoitika, chinoitika chete nekufamba kwenguva. Asi, zvinoonekwa kuti inogona kukura kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana:
ku) Inotenderera Inoyerera
Nguva zhinji, tsika dzenzvimbo dzinochinjika kubva ku kusvika kwekufamba kwekufamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Huwandu hukuru hwenyika, kunyanya dziya dziri muLatin America, dzinotsanangura hunhu hwayo hwazvino zvichienderana nemapoka akauya kwariri. Nenzira iyi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune imwe nyika ine mamwe marongero, boka revanhu rakatokura pane uya anorarama panguva iyoyo rinosvika, uye chikamu chemaitiro echikwata chevatorwa tsika chakatorwa. Mimwe mienzaniso yeiyi inogona kuva:
- Iko kusanganisa kwenzanga kwakaitika muPeru nevanhu vazhinji kubva kuJapan kwakakonzera musanganiswa kuti uitwe mune yekufunga pfungwa.
- Nzira yekutaura mutauro wechiSpanish munzvimbo yeRwizi Plate yakagadziridzwa zvishoma nekuda kwekuwanda kwevanhu vakauya vachibva kuItari neSpain.
- Anenge maguta ese ane Chinatown, iyo ine tsika nemagariro zveChina (chigadzirwa chekutama kwevanhu vanogamuchirwa) asi chinowanikwa kune vese vanogara muguta.
b) Colonization
Iyo kukoroni ndiko kuiswa kwemaitiro matsva etsika kuburikidza nebasa rezvematongerwo enyika, kazhinji kusanganisira pano kuiswa kwezvirango kana zvirango kune avo vanosiya mafomu matsva akagadzwa. Maitiro acho akamanikidzwa, asi zvakadaro ndicho chikonzero chekuchinja kwetsika kwakawanda nguva dzese. Mimwe mienzaniso inogona kutaurwa:
- Kunyangwe chiri chitendero, chiKristu uye hunhu hwakakosha hwakasimudzirwa muAmerica kubva mukutora kwezvematongerwo enyika kwemakoloni.
- Kunyangwe isiri yekoloni yakarongeka, panguva yehondo yeMalvinas kuArgentina, hurumende yakarambidza kufambiswa kwemitemo yetsika nemutauro wechiRungu. Izvi zvakaburitsa kutaridzika kwemaitiro matsva etsika, shanduko yezvirimo muChirungu kuenda kumutauro wechiSpanish.
- Mutauro weChirungu muUnited States unopindura kumatunhu aive neBritish Crown, kusvika gore ra1776.
c) Zvehupfumi uye zvetsika kuchinjana
Iyo zveupfumi uye zvetsika kuchinjana vanogonesa kupinda kwechimiro chetsika munzvimbo iyo pasati pave neimwe. Nguva zhinji zvinoitika nekuti nhengo dzeboka rinotora mafomu matsva vanocherekedza mapatani matsva seari nani, uye dzimwe nguva zvinoitika chete kuburikidza ne nzira dzemusika.
Icho chiitiko chekutevedzera, chinofarirwa zvakanyanya nekufambira mberi kwemazuva ano kwetekinoroji. Mimwe mienzaniso yekutenderera kwemhando iyi ndeiyi:
- Parizvino, kukwikwidzana kwemaindastiri eChina zvine chekuita nenyika zhinji zvinoreva kuti zvigadzirwa zvawo zvinosvika pasirese, zvichishandura maitiro etsika enzvimbo dzainosvika.
- Kupararira kwetekinoroji nyowani kwakashandura mimhanzi inoteererwa kune zhinji dzekumadokero nyika, aripo akawanda maartist anogona kuteererwa panguva imwechete munzvimbo zhinji.
- Sisitimu yakakosha yezvematongerwo enyika nhasi (rusununguko democracy) yanga ichizvishingisa pachayo kuburikidza nekutevedzera pakati penyika dzakasiyana.
d) Kukumbira kusiiwa kwetsika tsika
Unogona kufunga nezve mukana wekuti nyika inosarudza kutsiva tsika dzechinguvana nedzimwe dzayakambove nako yapfuura. Iko kudzoka kwemaitiro musimba mune imwe nguva, chimwe chinhu chisingaitika kazhinji asi chinogoneka.
Maitiro aya anoti tsika dzechinyakare kana dzepakutanga mabudiro aigona kuonekwa semuenzaniso werudzi urwu rwekuchinja.
Kuramba uye kutsigira
Kune akawanda vanyori veanthropology uye zvemagariro evanhu vanopokana zvine mutsindo nemaitiro ekuchinja nekuda kwezvematongerwo enyika asi pamusoro pezvose nekuda kwekutevedzera, zviri pachena kuti ndicho chiitiko chinowanzoitika cherudzi urwu nhasi.
Kunyangwe ivo vari vechokwadi mukusimbisa kuti tsika dzenyika dziri kuda kufanana mumwe nekumwe pane kusiyana sezvavanofanira, ndezvechokwadi zvakare kuti nekuchinja tsika dzakawanda tsika dzakawanda dzinosvika kuvanhu vazhinji.
