10 Mienzaniso yeDuctile Zvinhu - Encyclopedia

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Mienzaniso yezvinhu zve ductile
Vanogona kukushandira

Iyo ductile zvinhu Ivo ndeavo vanogona epurasitiki uye yakagadzikana deformation, pasina kutyora kana kutyora chimiro chayo, pamberi pechisimba chiitiko cheuto. Muchokwadi, hunhu hwadzo ndewekuti kuburikidza neyakaenderera kwenguva refu tension tambo tambo kana tambo dzediki diki asi hunhu hwakafanana hunowanikwa.

Ductile zvinhu zvakanyatsopesana ne zvinhu zvinopwanya. Asi havafanirwe kuvhiringidzwa ne nyore kufurirwa zvinhu.

Izvi hazvireve kuti ductile zvinhu hazvigone kupaza; muchokwadi, vanozviita, asi mushure mekutambura nekuremara kwakashata. Uye hazvireve kuti ductile zvigadzirwa zvakapfava; simba rinodiwa pakuchinja kwaro rakakura, uye pamberi pemasimba asina simba ndizvo zvazvichachinja muchimiro, kazhinji zvine mutsindo uye zvinodzoserwa.

Iyo kushanduka kwezvinhu zve ductile, mukuwedzera, inogona kuwedzerwa pamberi pe kupisa, ndisina kusvika kumucheto kwe yakaumbwa, uye isina kunanga kuyerwa nekusimba, kunyanya mune simbi. Iyi yekupedzisira ndiyo inowanzo ductile zvinhu, sezvo yavo maatomu Iyo yakagadzirirwa nenzira yekuti inogona kutsvedza pamusoro payo, nekudaro ichibvumira kugadzirwa kwewaya uye tambo dzeakasiyana makobvu.

Ductile zvinhu zvinokosheswa mu metallurgia uye indasitiri-yekugadzira indasitirisezvo ivo vachigona kutora chaiwo maumbirwo vasati vaputsa. Nekudaro, iko kuomerera uye kudzokororwa deformation kunotungamira kune iyo kuneta simbi nekuputsika kwayo, zvichiratidzwa nekuwedzera kwetembiricha munzvimbo inokanganisa simba rekuremara.

Mienzaniso yezvinhu zve ductile

Simbi. Iyo inonziwo simbi uye inomiririrwa nechiratidzo chemakemikari Fe, ndicho chechina chakanyanya kuwanda pasi, uye chakanyanya kuwanda mupuraneti nekuti musimboti wepuraneti wakaumbwa nesimbi uye nickel mukati. mvura mamiriro, iyo kana ichifamba inogadzira ine simba remagineti. Iyo grey, inowoneka simbi ine magineti ehupfumi uye kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kuwanda. Naizvozvo, mune yakachena mamiriro, iyo yekupedzisira inodzivirira kuti isabatsire, saka inoiswa pamwe nekabhoni kuti iwane mhuri yesimbi, iyo zvinoenderana nechikamu chechinhu ichi chiripo chinogona kunge chakanyanya kana zvishoma ductile uye zvakanyanya kana zvishoma kushomeka.
Matanda. Iyo yakasarudzika ductile organic zvinhu, zvinoenderana nehunhu hwayo uye nehuwandu hwehunyoro hurimo, pamwe nenzvimbo yemapfundo arimo. Nekudaro, iine fibrous, inogona kuvhurwa zviri nyore nemauto anoenderana nezviyo zvayo.
Simbi. Zita iri rinonzi a musanganiswa yesimbi uye kabhoni (inosvika 2.14%) iyo inoburitsa yakaoma uye ine ductile zvinhu, kunyanya zvakasanganiswa ne boron kugadzira waya dzehupamhi hweukukutu uye hwakanyanya kwazvo ductility, kana yesimbi yemarata inoshandiswa mubato rekuvaka. Izvi zvinoita kuti ive yakanaka kurwisa masimbi pasina kutsemura kongiri, asi ichibvumira kushomeka kushoma zvinoenderana nehuremu hwehuremu.
Zingi. Zinc (Zn), chinhu chakakosha chehupenyu, mune yayo yakachena mamiriro Iyo ine yakakwira ductility uye kusagadzikana, saka zvinokwanisika kuimonera mumashiti, kusagadzikana uye kuikanganisa, asi kuvepo kweasina kusvibiswa kubva kune zvimwe zvinhu kwakaringana kuita kuti itsemuke uye ive yakapfava. Izvo zvakakosha mune alloys senge iyo inogadzirwa nendarira.
Mutungamiri. Ichi chinhu chesimbi patafura ye periodic, ine chiratidzo Pb, yakanga isingazivikanwe panguva iyoyo sesimbi nekuda kwekukura kwayo kwemamorekuru kusimba. Iyo inorema, pfumbu, inoshanduka uye inonyungudika simbi. Inoshandiswa nhasi sevharo rembambo, nekuti ductility yayo yakasarudzika inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kwazvo, sezvo ichigona kutambanudzwa kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa kuti ifukidzwe.
Brass. Mhangura (70%) uye zinc (30%) alloy, inozivikanwa nekukwirira kwayo kwakanyanya kunoita kuti ive chinhu chakanakira kugadzirwa kwemidziyo nemidziyo, pamwe nemidziyo isingade kuomarara kwakanyanya. Yakasanganiswa netini inoita kuti isabatikane oxide uye munyu, kunze kwekuumbika.
Plasticine. Yakanyanya ductile, iyi epurasitiki chinhu chinoumbwa necalcium, petroleum jelly uye aliphatic makomputa, yakagadzirwa mu1880. Kazhinji inogadzirwa nemavara uye inosanganiswa nenyika yekudzidza kwevana, inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kuremara pasina kutyora, ichibvumira basa rayo rakareruka. nemaoko., zviridzwa kana chero rudzi rwepamusoro.
Mhangura. Mhangura (Cu) inopenya tsvuku inoshanduka simbi, iyo pamwe chete negoridhe nesirivheri ndiyo vatyairi vari nani esimbi magetsi.Nechikonzero ichi, ndiyo simbi inosarudzwa pakuvaka tambo dzemagetsi uye zvese zvemagetsi nemagetsi, sezvo iri zvakare ine hupfumi, inoumbika uye ductile.
Platinum. Iyi inorema, inoumbika uye ductile chena-chena shanduko simbi yakakosheswa muzvishongo nemarabhoritari sekurwisa ngura uye yakakosha muchimiro. Zvakajairika kuwana platinamu (Pt) mune zvinowedzera zvinowedzera zvemotokari, zvemagetsi zvinofambidzana uye nemamwe marudzi emaapplication anotora mukana wekupokana kwawo.
Iyo aluminium. Aluminium (Al) isiri-ferromagnetic metallic element uye chechitatu chinowanzoitika muvhu. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu indasitiri yezvinhu, kunyangwe ichikwanisa kutorwa sesimbi chete kubva kubhauxite, nekuda kwezvinhu zvayo zvakaita sekuderera kuwanda, yakakwira conduction yekupisa nemagetsi, yakakwira ngura kuramba, kudhura kwehupfumi uye kugona. Nechikonzero ichi yave iri simbi yakanyanya kushandiswa, pamwe nesimbi, muzana ramakore rechi20. Kunyangwe ductility yaro yechisikigo isingaite senge yakanyanyisa, mune alloys alloys hunhu hunosimbiswa, pamwe nekupokana kwayo nekushushikana uye ngura, kazhinji kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kweSilicon (5 kusvika 12%) uye magnesium.