Mhando dzeGeography

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Zvemukati

Mhando dzevanhu jogirafi
Mhando dzepanyama jogirafi

Iyo jogirafi iyo sainzi inofunda pamusoro penyika Nyika: tsananguro yayo yemuviri neyechisikigo (mafafitera, mamiriro ekunze, ivhu, maruva nemhuka); inomiririra graphic uye nzanga dzinogaramo. Geography inotsanangura uye inotsanangura zvakasikwa uye zvemagariro zviitiko, zvavaive vakaita uye nemashanduko avanochinja nekufamba kwenguva.

Geography yakakamurwa kuita maviri makuru matavi: enharaunda jogirafi (inoongorora nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzakadai kumatunhu, matunhu, nharaunda, nyika) uye general geography, iyo yakakamurwa kuita:

Jogirafi yevanhu. Dzidza nzanga dzevanhu, hukama pakati pavo, zviitiko zvavanoita uye nharaunda (ndima, mamiriro) mavanogara.Dzidza munhu uye hukama nenharaunda yake. Inosanganisira akasiyana matavi ekudzidza, semuenzaniso: tsika dzevanhu jogirafi, kumaruwa kwevanhu jogirafi.
Geography yepanyama. Dzidza hunhu hwehunhu hwepanyika uye zvinhu zvinoumba: mamiriro ekuzorora, zvinomera, mamiriro ekunze. Inosanganisira akasiyana matavi ekudzidza, semuenzaniso: climatology, geomorphology

Mhando dzevanhu jogirafi

Kumaruwa kwevanhu jogirafi. Dzidza nzvimbo dzekumaruwa, chimiro chavo, masisitimu avo, zviitiko zvavo, maumbirwo avakaitwa, hupenyu hwavo. Mamwe masainzi anogona kubatana neiyi agronomy uye economics.
Urban yemunhu geography. Dzidza nzvimbo dzemumaguta, chimiro chavo, hunhu hwavo, zvinhu zvinovagadzira, shanduko yavo nekufamba kwenguva. Dzidza nharaunda yemaguta, iko kuguta kwemaguta.
Chiremba munhu geography. Dzidza zvinokanganisa nharaunda pane hutano hwevanhu. Dzidza mamiriro ehutano hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Sayenzi yayo yekubatsira mushonga.
Yevanhu geography yekufambisa. Inoongorora mafomu ekufambisa uye nzira dzekufambisa mukati meimwe nzvimbo nzvimbo, kukanganisa kwavo munharaunda uye nharaunda.
Zvehupfumi hwevanhu geography. Dzidza zviitiko zvehupfumi mune imwe nzvimbo nzvimbo. Iyo inoratidza akasiyana maficha ehupfumi hupfumi uye kushandisa zvisikwa zviwanikwa.
Zvemagariro evanhu ezvematongerwo enyika. Dzidza mafomu ezvematongerwo enyika uye ehurongwa hwevanhu, masangano, masisitimu ehurumende.
Tsika dzevanhu jogirafi. Ongorora tsika dzevamwe vanhu kana nzanga uye hukama huri mavari.
Nhoroondo yevanhu jogirafi. Dzidza shanduko yemagariro netsika inoitwa nevamwe vanhu kana nzvimbo inowanikwa pamusoro pemakore.
Geography yekuchembera. Iyo inozivikanwawo sejerontological jogirafi, inoongorora zvinorehwa nevanhu vakwegura muhuwandu hwevanhu.

Mhando dzepanyama jogirafi

Climatology. Dzidza mamiriro ekunze enharaunda. Iyo yakakamurwa ichichinjika kuita analytical climatology (inoverengera inoongorora hunhu hwemamiriro ekunze), synoptic climatology (inoongorora mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo hombe dzepasi) uye mamiriro ekunze emadhorobha (inoongorora mamiriro ekunze eguta rakati).
Geomorphology. Dzidza zvimiro zvepasi. Iyo yakakamurwa kuita: fluvial geomorphology (inoongorora iwo matunhu akaumbwa semhedzisiro yekukwira nekunaya kwemvura), materu geomorphology (anoongorora nzvimbo dzakakwirira, senge makomo), mhepo geomorphology (cherekedza mashanduko enzvimbo nekuda kwekukanganiswa ne mhepo), glacial geomorphology (inoongorora nharaunda yakafukidzwa nenzvimbo hombe dzechando), mamiriro ekunze geomorphology (inoongorora hukama pakati pemamiriro ekunze nenharaunda) uye ine simba geomorphology (inoongorora kugadziridzwa kwevhu neyakaguma uye exogenous maitiro egenesis uye kukukurwa) .
Hydrography. Dzidza nzvimbo dzinogara miviri yakakosha yemvura. Iyo yakakamurwa kuita hydromorphometry (inoongorora nzizi nehova, hunhu hwadzo, zviyero) uye hydrography yegungwa (inodzidza pasi uye pamusoro pemakungwa).
Mahombekombe egungwa. Dzidza hunhu hwemhenderekedzo dzenzizi, makungwa, hova, nyanza.
Biogeography. Dzidza kugoverwa kwezvinhu zvipenyu munzvimbo yepasi. Iyo yakakamurwa kuita phytogeography (inoongorora maruva enharaunda uye hukama pakati pevanhu ava), zoogeography (inodzidza mhuka dzepano uye nehukama hwavanomisidzana) uye biogeography yechitsuwa (inoongorora hupenyu hwemhuka nemiti pazvitsuwa) .
Pedology. Dzidza kwakatangira ivhu mune imwe nharaunda.
Palaeogeography. Iye anonyanya kugadzirisa kuvaka nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dze geological eras. Iyo yakakamurwa kuita matatu matavi: paleoclimatology (inoongorora kusiana kwemamiriro ekunze pamusoro pemakore), paleogeobiography (inoongorora mutsauko wedunhu zvine chekuita nemiti nemhuka), paleohydrology (inoongorora shanduko yemakungwa, nzizi, nyanza).