Main Mhepo Zvinosvibisa (Mienzaniso) - Encyclopedia

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Main mhepo inosvibisa
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Iyo main mhepo inosvibisa zvakagadzirwa nemunhu, ndiko kuti zvinosvibisa. Gasi uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu zvinoburitswa neakasiyana siyana zviitiko zvehupfumi zvevanhu.

Kusvibisa kunoitika kana kuvepo kana kuunganidzwa kwechinhu kuchikanganisa zvisikwa.

Kunobva kusvibiswa kunogona kutora nzira dzakasiyana.

Yakagadziriswa: Ndidzo dzisingashandure nzvimbo, izvi zvine simba rekuunganidza zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakafanana munzvimbo. Musiyano mune nyaya ye kusvibiswa kwemhepo ndeyekuti kunyangwe iyo sosi yakagadziriswa, mhepo inogona kutambanudza zvinosvibisa pamusoro penzvimbo huru kwazvo.
Nhare mbozha: Avo vanoshandura nzvimbo vachiburitsa zvinosvibisa, vachiwedzera nzvimbo yakakanganiswa.
Nzvimbo: Kana chikamu chakakura chiine zvakasiyanasiyana uye zvidiki sosi yekusvibisa iyo, nekuwanda kwekubuda kwavo, inokanganisa nzvimbo yakati rebei.
Zvisikwa zvakasikwa: Iyo ecosystem inogona kukanganisirwa zvisirizvo nezviwanikwa zvisingaenderane nekuita kwevanhu. Muzviitiko izvi isu tinotaura nezvekusingaperi kwehutachiona. Panyaya yemhepo, muenzaniso wekusvibisa endogenous ndiyo Kuputika kwegomo. Nekudaro, zvinosvibisa zvakasikwa handizvo zvinonyanya kusvibisa mweya, sezvicharatidzwa.

Onawo: 12 Mienzaniso Yekusvibisa Muguta

Main mhepo inosvibisa

Carbon monoxide (CO): Gasi risina ruvara rine muchetura wakanyanya munzvimbo dzakadzika kana nekuratidzwa kwenguva refu. Kazhinji, hazviwanzo kuwanikwa mukukwirira kwakaringana kukonzera kukurumidza chepfu. Zvisinei, zvitofu zvinopisa mafuta (huni, gasi, marasha) zvine njodzi zvikuru kana zvisina kuiswa kwakaringana zvinobvumidza nzvimbo yekubuditsa mweya. Mamirioni mana vanhu vanofa gore rega kubva kune carbon monoxide chepfu. Kubva ku

86% yemweya kabhoni monoxide inobuda kubva mukutakura (nzvimbo inosvibisa mumaguta uye nhare mukufambisa kure-kure)
6% mafuta anopisa muindasitiri (yakasvibisa yakasviba)
3% mamwe maindasitiri maitiro
4% kupisa uye zvimwe zvisingazivikanwe maitiro (semuenzaniso, zvitofu, zvinosvibisa nzvimbo)

Nitrogen oxides (HERE, NO2, NOx): Musanganiswa weNitric oxide uye nitrogen dioxide. Kunyangwe iyo inogadzirwa muhuwandu hwakawanda nezviitwa zvevanhu, inosanganiswa (yakanyungudutswa neoksijeni) mumhepo. Imwe yemhedzisiro yakaipa yeaya oxides ndeyekuti ivo vanopindira mukuumbwa kwemvura inonwisa mvura, vachiva zvinosvibisa kwete chete zvemhepo asiwo zvevhu uye yemvura. Kubva ku:

62% yekutakura. Iko kusunganidzwa kweNO2 (nitrogen dioxide) kunowanikwa munzvimbo dziri padhuze nemigwagwa yemigwagwa, uye zvinokanganisa maitiro ekufema zvakawanikwa, kunyangwe kana kuiswa kune iyi oxide kuri kwenguva pfupi.
30% yemoto wesimba rekugadzira. Maindasitiri mazhinji nevanhu vanoshandisa mafuta kugadzira simba. Zvisinei, pane nzira dzakachena zvakaita semhepo, zuva kana simba remagetsi rinodzivirira kusvibiswa.
7% inogadzirwa zvese ne: panguva yekuora kunogadzirwa ne mabhakitiriya, kupisa kwemasango, kuputika kwemakomo. Mazhinji emasango anopiswa anokonzerwa nebasa revanhu. Uye zvakare, kuora kwebhakitiriya kunoitika kune hukuru mukuzadza marara, nekuda kwekudzikisira kwetsvina yemanyowa. Mune mamwe mazwi, chikamu chidiki chete cheiyo nitrogen oxide emissions inogadzirwa neakasvibisa ezvisikwa.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2): Hukama pakati pemamiriro ekufema muvanhu nekusunganidzwa kwesulfure dioxide mumhepo yakawanikwa. Pamusoro pezvo, ndiyo honzeri huru yemvura inonaya iine acid, iyo inokanganisa ecosystem izere, kusvibisa ivhu nenzvimbo dzemvura. Iyo inouya ingangoita yega (93%) kubva pakupisa zvisaririra (Zvigadzirwa zvePetroleum). Uku kupisa kunoitika zvakanyanya kuwana simba, asiwo mumaindasitiri maitiro ("chimney maindasitiri") uye mukutakura.

Zvakamiswa zvimedu: Iyo inonziwo chinhu chemukati, iwo iwo ma particles yakasimba kana mvura izvo zvinoramba zvakamiswa mumhepo. Kuti chinhu chisina gasi chimiswe mumhepo, chinofanirwa kunge chiine dhayamita inonzi "aerodynamic dhayamita" (iyo dhayamita iyo bhora rine kuwanda ye1 gramu pa cubic centimeter kuitira kuti yayo yekupedzisira velocity mumhepo yakafanana neiyo yeiyo particle iri mubvunzo). Kubva ku

Kusakwana kwakakwana kwechinhu chero chipi zvacho: mafuta, marara uye kunyange fodya.
Iwo zvakare silika zvidimbu kubva padombo pulverization uye girazi uye zvidhinha kugadzira maitiro.
Textile maindasitiri anogadzira manyowa guruva.

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC): Dzakange dzakajairika mukugadzirwa kwemaerosols, kunyange hazvo iko kushandiswa kwavo kwadzikira nekuda kwekukanganisa kwavo kwakashata pane zvakatipoteredza. Iyo inoshandiswawo mune firiji masisitimu. Iyi gasi inosunga kune ozone particles yeiyo dura inodzivirira pasi, kuora. Kufona "ozone hole”Inosiya nzvimbo dzepasi dzisina dziviriro kumwaranzi yezuva inokuvadza vanhu, zvirimwa nemhuka.