Zvemukati
Aoxide chinhu chemakemikari chinomuka kubva mukubatanidzwa kwe esimbi chinhu kana isiri yesimbi ine oxygen. Mukugadzirwa kwemakemikari, iyo reagent (simbi + okisijeni) inofungidzirwa kuruboshwe uye chigadzirwa chakaumbwa kubva pachiri kurudyi. Semuenzaniso, iko kusanganiswa kwecalcium neoksijeni kuchanyatsogadzira calcium oxide.
Muchokwadi, kazhinji oxides Izvo zvinoumbwa mune zvinoitika apo zvinhu zvemakemikari zvinosanganiswa nemhepo kana mvura, zvine hukuru hukuru hweoksijeni: izvi zvinokonzeresa kupfeka pazvinhu, kunyanya kana zvasvika simbi. Kugadzirisa izvi, antioxidant zvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa.
Mukati memakisijeni, kupatsanurwa kunowanzoitwa zvinoenderana nechinhu icho okisijeni inosanganiswa.
- Basic oxides: chigadzirwa chigadzirwa chemubatanidzwa wesimbi element ine oxygen.
- Acid oxides: chigadzirwa chigadzirwa chemubatanidzwa wechinhu chisina kukwana neoksijeni.
- Amphoteric oxide: amphoteric element inobatanidzwa mukomboni, saka maoxide anoita seacidiki kana mabheseni.
Zita remazita
Kutumidza mhando idzi dzezvinhu, pane nzira nhatu dzenzira dzekuzviita:
Iyo zita rechinyakare : Nzira iyo oxide imwe neimwe inonzi nayo inosiyana zvinoenderana nenhamba yemalevhesheni ane chinhu.
- Kana chinhu chacho chiine valence imwe chete, oxide inozodaidzwa kuti 'oxide (uye chinhu chine chivakwa chakakomberedzwa' ico ', senge potassium oxide)’
- Kana chinhu chacho chiine mavalence maviri, oxide inozodaidzwa kuti 'oxide (uye chinhu chine chivakwa chakakomberedzwa' ico ', senge ferric oxide) 'Yeiyo huru valence, uye' oxide (uye iyo chinhu ine yakavakirwa-mukati suffix 'bere', senge ferrous oxide)’
- Kana chinhu chacho chiine mavalence matatu, oxide yacho inodaidzwa kuti 'oxide (uye chinhu chine chivakashure' hiccup 'uye chinomiririra' bere ', senge hyposulfurous oxideKune iyo valence yakadzikira kwazvo, ichatumidzwa kunzi 'oxide (uye icho chinhu chine chinokwana' bere ', senge sulfurous oxide) yeiyo yepakati valence, uye 'oxide (uye icho chinhu chine chakadzamidzirwa chinokwana' ico ', senge sulfuric oxide)’
- Kana chinhu chacho chiine mavalence mana, oxide yacho inodaidzwa kuti:
- 'Oxide (uye chinhu chine chivakashure' hiccup 'uye chinomiririra' bere ')' yeiyo yakaderera valence. Semuyenzaniso, oxidehypochlorous.
- 'Oxide (uye iyo chinhu chine chinokwana' bere ') yechipiri chidiki valence. Semuyenzaniso, chlorous oxide.
- 'Oxide (uye iyo chinhu ine yakavakirwa-mukati suffix' '') 'yechipiri chikuru valence. Semuyenzaniso, chloric oxide.
- 'Oxide (uye chinhu chine chivakashure' per 'uye chirevo' '') 'cheiyo valence yakakura. Semuyenzaniso, perchloric oxide.
Iyo zita rakarongeka Iyo yakapusa kupfuura yechinyakare, uye oxide nechinhu zvacho zvinodomwa mazita, asi pamberi peimwe neimwe yadzo pakanyorwa nhamba yemaatomu ayo anayo mune iro molekuru. Chirevo chekutanga 'mono' chichava cheatomu imwechete, chirevo chekutanga 'di' chevaviri, iyo 'tri' yevatatu, 'tetra' yechina, 'penta' yechishanu, 'hexa' yechitanhatu, iyo ' hepta 'yechinomwe uye' octo 'yevasere. Iri boka rinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, iyo dichopper monoxide, iyo dialuminium trioxide, iyo carbon dioxide, kana iyo difluorine monoxide.
Iyo Stock mazitaChekupedzisira, zvinoenderana nekunyora iro izwi oxide, rinoteverwa nezita resimbi uye iyo oxidation kana valence nhamba yainoshanda nayo, mumabharaketi uye muzviverengero zveRoma. Analogously kune echinyakare mazita, zvichazonyorwa chlorine (I) oxide ye hypochlorous oxide, chlorine (II) oxide ye chlorous oxide, chlorine (III) oxide yekloriki oxide, uye chlorine (IV) oxide kune perchloric oxide.
Tevera na:
- Sei acids inonzi?
