Zvinhu zvine chepfu

Zvemukati

• Kupatsanura
• Mhando dzekukuvara dzavanogadzira
• Zviratidzo mumuviri
• Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvine chepfu kumuviri wemunhu

Iyo zvinhu zvine chepfu Izvo zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari izvo mune mamwe maitiro avo (kugadzira, kushandisa, kugovera kana kurasa) zvinounza njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu (chirwere kana kunyangwe kufa).

Kunyangwe huturu hukaitika kana chero ipi yematanho ichikuvadza hutano, inowanzo sangana ne kunwa: Zvinhu zvakawanda zvine chepfu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari, izvo zvinokanganisa kana zvikadyiwa nemuromo.

Kupatsanura

Iyo chepfu ndiyo hunyanzvi hwakakumikidzwa kune iyi mhando yezvinhu. Mhedzisiro yezvinhu kana mamiriro ekunze kune zvisikwa zvipenyu, masisitimu ehupenyu, nhengo, nyama uye maseru, ndiyo nzvimbo yekudzidza kwechirango ichi.

Anowanzo kusiyanisa zvinhu zvine chepfu mumapoka matatu:

• Makemikari zvinhu Organic uye inorganic iyo inokanganisa muviri: makemikari zvinhu zvakaita semutobvu anoonekwa pakati pezvinhu zvisina kujairika, nepo pakati pezvakasikwa pane zvinhu zvakaita semethanol, nehumwe huturu hwemhuka.
• Biological chepfu, Iyo inogadzirwa nehupfu hunogadzirwa nemavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya, ayo anobereka nekukudziridza hutachiona. Kusiyana neiyo yapfuura, rudzi urwu rwehuturu runotsamira pakukwanisa kwemubati kuzvidzivirira, sezvo zvichikwanisika kuti zvinhu zviviri zvakafanana zvinoshanda zvakasiyana pane zvakagamuchirwa zvakasiyana.
• Uturu hwepanyamaIzvo zviri muzvinhu zvakasiyana izvo zvisingawanzo kutorwa zvine chepfu, asi izvo zvakadaro zvinokanganisa muviri senge maX-rays uye gamma mwaranzi, kana radiation kubva kune akasiyana zvidimbu.

Onawo: Mienzaniso Yetsvina Ine Njodzi

Mhando dzekukuvara dzavanogadzira

Kana chepfu ichipinda mumuviri, dzinogona kuburitsa mhando dzakasiyana dze shanduko yemamiriro kana kukuvara (kubva kumasero anodzikira) kana mashandiro (akadai seDNA shanduko kana kuvharidzira enzymatic chiito). Mhedzisiro yavanayo pamuviri inokamuranisa chepfu muchikamu chitsva:

1. Allergic toxics: Iyo chepfu inopinda muchimiro chemapuroteni.
2. Anesthetic chepfu: Zvinokanganisa iyo yepakati tsinga system.
3. Kudzipwa chepfu: Dzinodzivisa kusvika kweoxygen kumatishu.
4. Carcinogenic chepfu: Dzinokanganisa chimiro cheRNA neDNA.
5. Zvinokanganisa toxics: Vanoparadza matukisi avanoita.

Zviratidzo mumuviri

Kana muviri wemunhu ukakundwa nezvinhu izvo zvinokuvadza kuhutano hwazvo, zvinonzi muviri ndiwo kudhakwa. Muzviitiko izvi, muviri unowanzo kurwisa chinhu, uchikwanisa kuchidzora, kuchibvisa munguva pfupi nekuchidzinga: zvisinei, dzimwe nguva maitiro aya anokundikana nekuti dziviriro yechisikirwo yakaderera, kana nekuti kune kukanganiswa kwakanyanya kwechinhu chinopinda. .

Kuonekwa kwe mapundu uye mikoko, kupisa kwakanyanya, kunetseka kufema, manyoka akasimba, kurutsa zvakanyanya, uye zvimwe zviratidzo Ndidzo idzo dzinoshandiswa nemuviri kuratidza kudhakwa, uye dzinofanirwa kurapwa navanachiremba sezvakakodzera.

Mienzaniso yezvinhu zvine chepfu kumuviri wemunhu

1. Acetone
2. Methanol
3. Mycobacterium tibhii
4. Rift Valley fever hutachiona
5. Arsenic
6. Hydrogen sulfide
7. Chlorobenzene
8. Cadmium
9. Venzuelan equine encephalitis hutachiona
10. Shigelladysenteriae mhando 1
11. Chlordane
12. Sarufa anhydride
13. Aniline
14. Styrene
15. Utachiona hweWest Nile
16. Yero fever fever
17. Russian chitubu-zhizha encephalitis hutachiona
18. UN 2900
19. Vinyl chloride
20. Mafuta Mafuta
21. Asbestosi
22. Mishonga yezvipembenene
23. Mishonga yezvipembenene (organochlorines, pyrethroids, carbamates)
24. Sabia hutachiona
25. Tungamira
26. Mercury
27. Americium
28. Cyanide
29. Vinyl acetate
30. Chlorfenvinphos
31. Trichlorethylene
32. Isocyanates
33. Utachiona hwePoriyo
34. Amoniya
35. Chloroethane
36. Toluene
37. Utachiona hweRabies
38. Aluminium
39. Chlorophenols
40. Omsk hemorrhagic fever hutachiona
41. Yersinia pestis
42. Carbon monoxide
43. Zingi
44. Tetradoxin
45. Acrylonitrile
46. Chikwekwe chinotakura encephalitis hutachiona
47. Barium chloride
48. Acrolein
49. Tar
50. Variola hutachiona