Pfungwa. Iko dot sechiratidzo chekunyora inonzi "period". Kana ichishandiswa email kana internet kero, inonzi "dot."
Iyo poindi ine akawanda mashandisiro. Imwe yacho ndeyekunongedza zvipfupiso uye mazita.
- Anodiwa Mr. Smith / Anodiwa Mr. Smith
- Vakasvika kuma9 mangwanani. / Vakasvika kuma9 mangwanani
- Nhetembo iyi yakanyorwa naE E. Cummings. / Iyi nhetembo yakanyorwa naE E. Cumming.
Period uye yakateedzerwa muChirungu: Kana nguva ichinge yashandiswa senguva inoteerwa muChirungu inonzi "full stop". Inogona zvakare kunzi "nguva", asi kuratidza basa rayo chairo (semuenzaniso mukuraira) chirevo "kuzadza kwakazara" chinodiwa, nekuti "nguva" inoshandiswa kunyanya kusitop, ndiko kuti, iyo inoshandiswa kupatsanura ndima.
Rinoshandiswa kuratidza kupera kwemutsara kana usati uri mubvunzo kana kudeedzera.
- Terevhizheni yakavhurwa. / TV iriko.
- Ndinoda chimedu chekeke. / Ndinoda chikamu chekunamatira.
- Anoda kuenda kubhaisikopo. / Aifarira kuenda kumamuvhi.
- Mumhanzi une ruzha kwazvo. / Mumhanzi une ruzha kwazvo.
Idya: muchirungu inonzi "comma".
Inoshandiswa kuratidza kumbomira zvishoma mumutsara.
Zvinosungirwa kushandiswa: kupatsanura izvo zvinhu zvakateedzana.
- Pakati pezvipo paive nezvidhori, kicheni yekutambisa, madhirezi nembwanana. / Pakati pezvipo paive nezvidhori, kicheni yekutambisa, madhirezi nembwanana.
- Shamwari dzangu dzepamwoyo ndiAndrew, Michael naJohn. / Shamwari dzangu dzepamwoyo ndiAndrew, Michael naJohn.
Iyo inoshandiswa kupatsanura maviri kana anopfuura akapindirana adjectives. MuChirungu, kwete zvipikisheni zvese zvine mamiriro akafanana muchirevo. Asi zvipikisheni zvakarongedzwa ndizvo izvo zvinogona kuchinjaniswa zvakarongeka.
- Bobby mukomana anofara, anosetsa uye akangwara. / Bobby mukomana anofara, anosetsa uye akangwara.
Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakare pakusuma hurukuro yakananga.
- Stephen akaudza shefu, "iwe hauna mvumo yekutaura nesu zvakadai."
- "Huya," akadaro Angela, "tinogona kuramba tiri shamwari."
Kujekesa, ndiko kuti, kuunza izvo zvisina kukosha mumutsara. Iyo koma inoshandiswa pamberi uye shure kwezvikamu, zvirevo uye kujekesa mazwi.
- Laura, tete vangu vandinoda, vachapemberera zuva ravo rekuzvarwa mangwana. / Laura, tete vangu vandinoda, vachapemberera zuva ravo rekuzvarwa mangwana.
Kupatsanura zvinhu zviviri zvinopesana.
- Michael ihama yangu, kwete hama yangu. / Michael ihama yangu, kwete hama yangu.
Kuparadzanisa zvidimbu zvidiki:
- Kofi shopu yaive yakazara, vaifanira kuenda kumwe kunhu. / Iyo cafe yakanga izere, vaifanira kuenda kumwe kunhu.
Kana mubvunzo wapindurwa na "hongu" kana "kwete", unoshandiswa kupatsanura "hongu" kana "kwete" kubva pane mumwe mutsara.
- Kwete, handifunge kuti ari kunyepa. / Kwete, handifunge kuti ari kunyepa.
- Hongu, ndingafare kukubatsira nebasa rako rechikoro. / Hongu, zvichave zvinofadza kukubatsira nebasa rako rechikoro.
Pfungwa mbiri: muchirungu inonzi "colon".
Inoshandiswa usati wafambidzana (seimwe nzira yekoma). Muzviitiko izvi, makotesheni anoshandiswawo, ayo anonzi "makotesheni".
- Akati kwandiri: "Ndichaita zvese zvandinogona kuvabatsira." / Akandiudza: "Ndichaita zvese zvandinogona kuti ndikubatsire."
- Iwe unoziva zvavanotaura: "Chenjera zvaunoshuvira." / Iwe unoziva zvavanotaura: "chenjera zvaunoshuvira."
Ivo anoshandiswa kuisa zvinyorwa:
- Chirongwa ichi chinosanganisira ese masevhisi: kutakura kubva kunhandare yendege, kupinda padziva rekushambira, spa, kwese kudya uye pekugara. / Chirongwa ichi chinosanganisira ese masevhisi: kutakurwa kubva kunhandare yendege, kupinda padziva, spa, kwese kudya uye pekugara.
Zvakare kuunza kujekeswa:
- Mushure memaawa mazhinji, ivo vakawana dambudziko mudenga: mataira aive nemakakatanwa madiki aisakwanisa kuoneka, asi izvo zvakanayisa mvura mukati. / Mushure memaawa mazhinji, vakawana dambudziko mudenga: mataira aive netumipande tudiki tusingaonekwe asi akabvumira mvura kuti ipinde.
Semicolon: muchirungu inonzi "semicolon".
Inoshandiswa kupatsanura pfungwa mbiri dzakabatana asi dzakasiyana.
- Vakarega kubhadharwa kumitambo mitsva; vateereri vaisada kunzwa nziyo dzakafanana zvakare; vatori venhau havana kuzonyora nezvavo zvekare. / Vakamira kubhadharwa kumitambo mitsva; veruzhinji vaisada kunzwa nziyo dzakafanana zvakare; vatori venhau havachatonyora nezvavo.
- Munharaunda ino dzimba ndedzekare uye dzakanaka; kuvaka dzimba dzakakura uye dzine mahwindo mahombe ekuti mwenje upinde. / Munharaunda ino dzimba ndedzekare uye dzakanaka; mafurati muzvivakwa akapamhama uye ane mahwindo mahombe ekupinza muchiedza.
Inoshandiswa zvakare en zvirevo apo makoma anoonekwa mukati mezvinhu zvakanyorwa.
- Kubva pamuseum unofamba mazana maviri emamita kusvika iwe wasvika kupaki; pasina kuyambuka mugwagwa, tendeuka kurudyi; famba mazana matatu emamita kusvika wasvika parobhoti; tendeuka kurudyi uye iwe uchawana yekudyira. / Kubva pamuseum unofamba mazana maviri emamita kusvika iwe wasvika mupaki; pasina kuyambuka mugwagwa, tendeuka kurudyi; famba mamwe mazana matatu metres kuenda kumarobhoti; tendeuka kurudyi uye iwe uchawana yekudyira.
- Tinofanira kutenga chokoreti, kirimu uye sitirobheri yekeke; ham, chingwa uye chizi yemasangweji; sipo uye bleach yekuchenesa; kofi, tii uye mukaka wekudya kwekuseni. Tinofanira kutenga chokoreti, kirimu, uye mastrawberry ekeke; ham, chingwa uye chizi yemasangweji; sipo, chipanji uye bleach yekuchenesa; kofi, tii uye mukaka wekudya kwekuseni.
Mubvunzo chiratidzo muchirungu: inoshandiswa kumaka mubvunzo uye inonzi "mubvunzo mucherechedzo". Pachirungu, muvhunzo haumboshandiswi pakutanga kwemubvunzo asi pakupera kwawo. Kana chiratidzo chemubvunzo chashandiswa, hapana nguva inoshandiswa kuratidza kupera kwechirevo.
- Inguvai? / Inguvai?
- Unoziva nzira yekusvika kuVictoria Street? / Unoziva nzira yekusvika kuVictoria Street?
Chivaraidzo muChirungu: nenzira imwecheteyo semubvunzo mamakisi, inoshandiswa chete pakupera kwemashoko ekushamisira. Inodaidzwa kuti "kushamisika chiratidzo"
- Nzvimbo ino yakakura kwazvo! / Iyi nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo!
- Ndotenda kwazvo! / Ndatenda!
Mapfupi madheshi: Dzinonzi "hyphens" uye dzinoshandiswa kupatsanura zvikamu zvemazwi akabatanidzwa.
- Nditezvara vangu. / Ndiye tezvara vangu.
- Ichi chinwiwa chine shuga-isina. / Ichi chinwiwa hachina shuga.
Yakareba madheshi: Dzinodaidzwa kuti "dash" uye dzinoshandiswa sechiratidzo chenhaurirano (kutaura kwakananga), seimwe nzira yemakotesheni.
- - Mhoro wakadii? - Zvakanaka, maita basa.
Zvakare kujekeswa, zvakafanana nemabatirwo evabereki. Kusiyana nevabereki, kana zvikashandiswa panoperera chirevo, hazvidi kuisa dash yekuvhara.
- Kuvaka kwacho kwakatora makore maviri - zvakapetwa kaviri sezvavaitarisira. / Kuvaka kwakatora makore maviri - zvakapetwa kaviri sezvavaitarisira.
Zvinyorwa
Ivo ndeimwe nzira kune marefu madheshi ekujekesa. Ivo anoshandiswa ese pakutanga nekupera, mune ese makesi.
- Mutungamiri mutsva akagamuchira VaJones (avo vanga vari mutsigiri wavo kubva pakutanga) nevamwe vese vaenzi. / Mutungamiri mutsva akagamuchira VaJones (avo vanga vari mutsigiri wavo kubva pakutanga) nevamwe vaenzi.
Apostrophe muchirungu: Chiratidzo chemupumburu chinonyanya kushandiswa muChirungu pane chiSpanish. Inoshandiswa kuratidza kupesana. Inonzi "apostrophe."
- Achadzoka muminiti. / Achadzoka muminiti.
- Tiri kuenda kunotenga. / Tiri kuenda kunotenga.
- Iyi ndiyo mota yaEliot. / Iyi ndiyo mota yaEliot.
Andrea mudzidzisi wemitauro, uye paakaundi yake ye Instagram anopa zvidzidzo zvakavanzika nevhidhiyo kufona kuitira kuti iwe ugone kudzidza kutaura Chirungu.
