Kana atomu kana morekuru echinhu chikarasikirwa nemagetsi kusarerekera zvinoitika kugamuchira sangano re ion, nzira inoenderana nekuwana kana kurasikirwa kweyakajairika kuisirwa maerekitironi ayo anoratidzira chimiro cheatomu yekomboni inonzi ionization. Ruzivo rwekutanga rweyon kugadzirwa rwunonzi rwunoitwa neChirungu chemakemikari Humphrey davy (1778-1829) nemudzidzi wake, Michel Faraday (1791-1867).
Iyo ions Inopomerwa zvisina kunaka inogadzirwa nekuwana kwemaerekitironi uye inozivikanwa se anions (nekuti ivo vanokwezverwa kune anode), nepo izvo zvine mhosva zvichikonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwemaerekitironi, kazhinji iwo eiyo yekunze goko, anonzi macations (sezvo izvi, zvinopesana neanions, zvinokwezva kune iyo cathode).
Mu anion, Erekitironi imwe neimwe yeatomu, iyo pakutanga isina kwayakarerekera, inobatwa zvine simba nechaji yakanaka yenucleus; Zvisinei, kusiyana nemamwe mamwe maerekitironi ari muatomu, mune anions mamwe maerekitironi haabatanidzwe nenucleus nemauto eCoulomb, akabatana nekuparadzaniswa kweatomu isina kwayakarerekera. Nekuda kwekuwedzeredzwa kwemaerekitironi, iyo anion inodarika inoenderana neatomu isina kwayakarerekera.
Pakupisa kwemukati, maoni mazhinji echiratidzo chakapesana anosunga zvine simba kune mumwe nemumwe zvichitevedzera zvakajairwa uye zvakatemwa pateni izvo zvinomutsa kuumbwa kwemakristaro, senge tafura yemunyu iyo iri sodium chloride. Munyu unowanzo kuve nyore ionized. Kana yaunzwa ichiputswa, ioni ndiyo hwaro hweakakosha maindasitiri maitiro akadai seelectrolysis uye inopa hwaro kuzvinhu zvakakosha zvemazuva ano zvakaita semabhatiri uye maunganidzi. Ions dzakasiyana dzinotora chikamu muiyo enzymatic oxidation uye kudzikisira maitiro, saka hunhu hwesingaverengeke biochemical reaction inoitika mune zvipenyu.
Izvo zvinhu zvinowanzove nenzvimbo huru kwazvo kuti ionize zvakanaka, ndiko kuti, kurasikirwa nemaerekitironi uye nokudaro kuburitsa cations, ari simbi uye halogenMamwe nonmetals anowanzo gadzira maoni, uye magasi anoremekedzwa senge helium kana argon haagadzi ion. Hukuru hwecations idiki pane hwemaatomu nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemaerekitironi.
Muzhinji, maion ari makemikari anoshanda zvakanyanya pane asina kwazvakarerekera mamorekuru uye anogona kuva monatomic kana polyatomic, inorganic kana Organic.
20 mienzaniso yeion yakanyorwa pazasi, kusanganisira anion, cations, monatomic uye pluriatomic ions.
- Chlorides
- Sulfates
- Nitrate
- Calcium cation
- Manganese cation
- Hypochlorite
- Amoniamu
- Ferric cation
- Ferrous cation
- Magnesium cation
- Silicates
- Borates
- Permanganate
- Sulfide
- Orthophosphate
- Metaphosphate
- Carbonates
- Citrate
- Malate
- Acetate
