Yakanaka uye Yakashata Catalysts

Zvemukati

• Mienzaniso yezvakanaka zvinokonzeresa
• Mienzaniso yezvakaipa zvinokanganisa

Inodaidzwa catalysis kumakemikari maitiro e kumhanyisa kana kudzora makemikari maitiro, kubva pakuwedzeredzwa kwechinhu kana chinhu, zvese zviri nyore uye zvakakomberedzwa, izvo zvinoshandura nguva dzekupindura zvisina kukanganisa hunhu hwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira cheicho uye, uyezve, pasina kurasikirwa nehukuru hwayo mukuita, izvo zvainoita zvinoitika nema reagents.

Chinhu ichi chinonzi chinokonzera. Yese kemikari yekuita ine chinokodzera chakakodzera, icho chinogona kukurumidza, kukudza kana kuwedzera (yakanaka chinokurudzira), kana zvakapesana kudzora, kudzikira uye kushomeka (chisina kunaka chinokonzeramaitiro ako. Aya ekupedzisira anowanzozivikanwa seanhibitors.

Onawo: Mienzaniso yeCatalysts (nemabasa avo)

Mienzaniso yezvakanaka zvinokonzeresa

1. Kupisa. Mazhinji makemikari maitiro anogona kukwidziridzwa pasina kushandura zvigadzirwa zvavo, nekungowedzera iyo tembiricha yemhinduro yepakati. Nechikonzero ichi kuora kweiyo nyaya inoitika nekukurumidza zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa.
2. Enzymes. Zvinotarisirwa kupatsanurwa nemuviri wevapenyu, ma enzymes anoita basa rakakosha rekumhanyisa, achikurudzira matanho akakosha ayo, kana akaitika ega, angade tembiricha idzo dzinowanzo sanzwanana nehupenyu. (tarisa: kugaya makemikari)
3. Palladium zvinowedzera. Kune mota dzinoshandisa peturu isina unleaded, mapaipi ane palladium kana platinamu muzvikamu zvidiki zvinonamatira kuneta kwemota, vanogona kudzikamisa maitiro ekuderedza kabhoni monoxide nemamwe magasi ane chepfu emoto. zvinhu isina njodzi mune rekodhi nguva.
4. Zvinobva kuFluorine. Ivo vanowedzera kukurumidza kuora kweozone (O₃ → O + O₂) mu okisijeni, mhinduro iyo inowanzo nonoka. Iri ndiro dambudziko remaerosol uye mafiriji anoburitsa maCFC mumhepo: anobatsira ozone layer mune ino pfungwa.
5. Magnesium dioxide (MnO₂). Inowanzo gadziridza mukuora kweHydrogen Peroxide kana hydrogen peroxide (2H₂KANA₂ → 2H₂O + O₂) mumvura uye oxygen.
6. Nickel. Inoshandiswa mu hydrogenation yemafuta emiriwo, kuwana margarine, sezvo iyi simbi ichimhanyisa nzira yekuwana yakazara lipids.
7. Sirivheri. Polycrystalline sirivheri uye nanoporose anoshanda anowedzera maacarbon dioxide (CO₂) ne electrocatalysis.
8. Aluminium chloride. Mushandi pa indasitiri petrochemical indasitiri kuti ikurumidze kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi kana mafuta ekuzora, pasina kuchinja hunhu hwe hydrocarbon mubvunzo, sezvo iine acidic uye yakakosha zvivakwa panguva imwechete (amphoteric substance).
9. Simbi. Iyo inoshandiswa seyakagadzirisa muhurongwa hweHaber-Bosch kuwana ammonia kubva kuhydrogen uye nitrogen.
10. UV mwenje. Ultraviolet mwenje, pamwe ne yakanangana chinokonzera, Inogadzira photocatalysis: iyo yekumhanyisa yemakemikari maitiro nebasa rechibatiso chakavhenekerwa nechiedza simba re ultraviolet.

Mienzaniso yezvakaipa zvinokanganisa

1. Kupisa. Sezvo kuwedzera kwetembiricha kuchimhanyisa iyo makemikari maitiro, kuderera kwacho kunovanonotsa. Iyi ndiyo nheyo yefiriji, semuenzaniso, iyo inowedzera hupenyu hwechikafu nekuchichengeta pane yakaderera tembiricha.
2. Citric acid. Iyo acid yemoni uye mimwe michero yemicrus inononoka kudzikisira maitiro eiyo organic zvinhu.
3. Enzyme inhibitors. Biological zvinhu zvinosunga kune ma enzyme uye kudzikisira mashandiro avo, kumisa makemikari kana ehupenyu maitiro. Ivo anowanzo shandiswa kurwisa pathogenic tusingaoneki, ichitadzisa imwe nzira yakakosha yekubereka kwayo.
4. Potasiamu chlorate. Inoshandiswa mukuita kwebhuruu, umo magnetite simbi yakaputirwa kuti idzike pasi kana kudzivirira kuita kwayo ngura.
5. Sorbic asidhi. Natural kuchengetedza iyo inoshandiswa muindasitiri yezvikafu kunonoka kuora kwechikafu.
6. Tetraethyl inotungamira. Mune peturu yazvino isingachashandi inotungamirwa, chinhu ichi chakashandiswa seantiknock, ndiko kuti, kudzivirira kuputika kwayo nguva isati yakwana.
7. Propanoic acid. Mvura isina ruvara, inoparadza ine hwema hunopisa, inokodzera kuchengetedza chikafu, chikafu uye zvigadzirwa zvemishonga, sezvo iri yakasimba antifungal uye mold kukura inhibitor.
8. Sarufa uye zvigadzirwa. Aya makomponi anoita seanhibitors eiyo yakanaka catalysis yeupfu weplatinamu kana nickel mukuita kwehydrogenation. Kuonekwa kwesarufa kunomisa mhedzisiro uye mhinduro inodzokera pakumhanya kwayo.
9. Hydrocyanic (kana prussic) asidhi. Yakanyanya chepfu, mhedzisiro yayo kumhuka kana kuvanhu inokanganisa maitiro eakawanda esimbiloenzymes, nokudaro ichidzivirira kufema kwemaseru uye ichikonzera kufa mumaminetsi mashoma.
10. Mercury, phosphorus, kana arsenic vapor. Izvi zvinhu zvinodzima zvachose chiito cheplatinum asbestosi mukugadzira sulfuric acid, inoshanda sedziviriro ine simba.