20 Predator uye Prey Mienzaniso - Encyclopedia

Zvemukati

Mienzaniso yezvakaitika kare
Unogona kukushandira

Iyo zvipenyu ivo vane hukama nenzira dzakasiyana. Maumbirwo eecosystem anoenderana nehukama uhwo hutachiona hunogarisana.

Hukama uhu, hunodaidzwa kuti kusangana kwehupenyu, hunogona kuve hwemhando dzakasiyana:

Parasitism: Kana muviri ukawana chikafu chawo kubva kune chimwe ukachikuvadza nokuita saizvozvo, utachiona hwacho.
Kukwanisa: Zvisikwa zvipenyu zviviri zvinogona kuda zviwanikwa zvakafanana pakukura kwazvo. Semuenzaniso, miti miviri iri padhuze pamwe ingangoda kushandisa zvinovaka muviri kubva muvhu, hunyoro, uye chiedza chezuva. Muzviitiko izvi, vanova vakwikwidzi uye vanokuvadzana.
Commensalism: Kana muviri A ukawana bhenefiti (sevhisi kana zviwanikwa) kubva kune chimwe chinhu B, nepo muviri B usingazvibatsire kana kuzvikuvadza, muviri A unowirirana.
Kufambidzana: Mapazi ese ari maviri anobatsirwa kubva kuhukama.
Kubatana: Zvese zvipenyu zvinowana rubatsiro kubva kuhukama, asi kuvapo kwazvo hakunei nehukama ihwohwo, sezvinoitika muzviitiko zvekudyidzana.

Zvikara nezvikara

Pamusoro pemhando idzi dzehukama, pane iyo kudyidzana kwehukama hwekugara, izvo zvinoitika kana imwe mhando ichidya imwe mhando. Mhuka inopa chikafu inonzi chikara, uku mhuka inovhimwa ichinzi mhuka.

Kana tichiona hukama uhwu, tinogona kufunga kuti chete chikara chinobatsira. Nekudaro, kudyiwa kwakakosha kuti zvipenyu zvirarame zvinoshanda semhuka uye nekusimbisa, nekuti zvikara zvinopedza vasina simba muboka. Uye zvakare, nekudzora huwandu hwevanhu vari muboka rakatangira, zvinodzivirira kuwandisa kwevanhu.

Nepo ecosystems uye biomes Ivo vanowanzo chengetedza chiyero nekutenda kune ese aya mabatiro ehukama, kusanganisira kusanganisa, mune vanhu, hushe hwavo hwasvika pakunyanyisa kwekubvisa zvisikwa (kutsakatika).

Onawo: Mienzaniso yeSymbiosis

Mienzaniso yezvakaitika kare

Iyo Mhuka yekunechando imwe yemhuka dzinoyamwisa vanodya nyama chikuru kwazvo chepasi pano chiripo. Iyo inogara munzvimbo dzakaomeswa nechando kuchamhembe kwenyika. Icho chikara kunyanya chevechidiki che zvisimbiso uye ye reindeer Izvo hazvitore chete izvo zvinovaka muviri kubva kune chayabata, asiwo inodikanwa mvura kuti irarame. Iyo bere rinotakura haigoni kunwa mvura nekuti iyo iri munzvimbo yayo ine munyu uye ine acidic.
Iyo anteater (inonziwo mureza bere) imhuka inofura muvhi uye kune zvishoma masvosve. Kune izvi ine nzwara dzakasimba dzinoibvumira iyo kutyora matomu emakungu. Iinewo rurimi rurefu urwo rwunoitendera kuti rwupinde muhuturu murwi.
Iyo dolphins ivo zvikara zvehove dzakadai senge, sardini nekodhi. Ivo vanovhima mumapoka, nenzira yekuti vanogona kukomberedza chikoro chevano bata. Mune shaya yavo vane mazino anopinza akakodzera kutsenga uye kubvarura mhuka, zvichibvumira dolphin kuimedza mune kamwe chete.
Iyo Penguin Idzo mhuka dzezvisikwa zvakasiyana, kunyanya zviri mumvura. Iyo ingwe chisimbiso ndechimwe chezvikara zvavo, izvo zvinogona kuvabata nekuda kwekumhanya kwavo mumvura. Penguin vanova mhuka yavo kunyanya munguva yechando, apo zvimwe zvekudya zvinoshomeka kwete chete kune zvisimbiso asiwo mawhale uye shark. Kuuraya marwenga kunogovana ecosystem nemapenguin panguva yekufamba mwaka, pavanosvika kumahombekombe kunogara mapenguin.

Iyo Shumba imhuka inodya nyama inogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemu Africa ne India. Icho chikara kunyanya chezvikara zvikuru: mbizi, impala, mbizi, nyati, nilgo, nguruve uye mhembwe. Vanovhima mumapoka, kunyanya vakadzi.
Iyo makava ivo zvikara zvezvakasiyana makonzo setsuro netsuro, neshiri diki. Mapedhi ezasi echikamu chemakumbo anovatendera kuti vafambe pane chero nzvimbo, zvichirerutsa kutsvaga kwemhuka. Vane nzeve dzinoshamisa uye kugona kuona murima, zvichivabvumira kuti vawane chavanobata.
Iyo Royal Owl Iyo ishiri yekudya inogara kuEurope, Asia neAfrica. Shiri dzinodya nyama ndidzo dzine muromo wakasimba uye wakakungwa uye nzara dzakapinza kwazvo pamakumbo adzo kunovhima mhuka. Mune mamwe mazwi, vatambi vanonyanya kushandurwa kuve zvikara. Gondo zizi mhuka inodya dzimwe tsuro, mhashu, tsindi, makonzo, njiva, shiri nhema nenjuzu. Iyo inogona kutovhima twana tudiki tunorema kusvika kumakirogiramu gumi.

Iyo madandaude imhuka dzinodya dzimwe mhuka sezvo dzichigadzirira musungo mhuka dzadzo: mambure anobata zvipembenene, kunge nhunzi nehumhutu. Kana mhuka ikabatwa, madandemutande anovapinza nouturu hunokanganisa muviri. Kamwe kana nyama yacho yaoma mutezo, majusi ekugaya anobaiwa jekiseni, ndiko kuti kugaya kwekunze kunoitika.
Iyo coral nyoka chikara che zvinokambaira, matatya nenyoka, kunyangwe nyoka dzerudzi rwadzo. Kuti aremadze vakuvara vake, anobaya jekiseni yetsinga, zvichiita kuti zviomere uropi kutaura nemhasuru, uye kunyange kutadzisa kushanda kwemoyo nekufema.
Iyo Tiger Iyo inyoka yeAsia, mhuka inokanganisa mhuka dzakasiyana siyana, kubva kumhuka diki dzakadai setsoko nehares, shiri dzakadai semapikoko nehove. Zvisinei, inovhimawo mhembwe, nguruve, uye mhembwe. Iyo zvakare inokwanisa kuvhima zvimwe zvikara senge mapere, hanzi, nemakarwe.
Iyo White shark Icho chikara chezvikara zvikuru zvemumvura, senge shumba dzegungwa. Nzira yake yekuvhima ndeyekuvandira. Iyo shark inogona kuzvikomberedza neyepazasi pegungwa kana ichionekwa kubva kumusoro, nekuda kweruvara rwemusana wayo. Naizvozvo, kana mhuka yasarudzwa inoshambira padyo nepadenga, shark iri pazasi payo uye inogona kuinamatira isingazivikanwe.

Iyo matatya mhuka dzemamwe marudzi, senge nyoka. Zvisinei, ivowo mhuka dzinokambaira senzizi uye noutunga (Diptera), mapete nemapete (Coleoptera), maruva, masvosve nenyuchi (Hinmenoptera), kunyangwe mapururufuru.
Iyo jellyfish Idzo mhuka dzinodya dzegungwa, zvikara zvezvipuka zvakasiyana, sezvo ivo vachikwanisa kudya pane zvese zvavanazvo munzvimbo yavo, kunyangwe mhuka dzakaenzana saizi. Ivo vanonyanya kudya hove uye crustaceans. Nzira yayo yekuvhima ndeyekubata mhuka ine matende ayo, ayo akafukidzwa nechinhu chinonamira, uye achiaunza kumuromo wake.
Iyo otters ivo zvikara zvikuru sezvo vachigona kudya pakati pegumi neshanu kusvika makumi maviri muzana muzana yemuviri wavo pazuva. Chinhu chayo chikuru chayabata hove, asi vanodyawo shiri, matatya nemakakanje.
Iyo panther Ivo vane hunyanzvi vavhimi nekuda kwekugona kwavo kukuru kwekumhanyisa pavanomhanya, izvo zvinovatendera kuti vaite kushamisika kurwisa pamhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka. Mhuka dzavanobata imhara, nyalas, kudus, impala, mbizi nembizi, pakati pevamwe. Zvisinei, vanodzivisa mhuka huru.
Iyo chameleon imhuka dzinokambaira dzehonye, hwiza, mhashu, nhunzi nezvimwe zvipembenene. Ivo vanokwanisa kuvhima ivo nekuda kwekuona kwavo kukuru kuona, izvo zvinovatendera kuti vaone kunyangwe iwo madiki madiki mafambiro.

Iyo Gondo reGoridhe rakafanana nezizi, shiri inodya nyama. Inonyanya kugadzikana uye inogona kubhururuka nekukwira kusvika kumakiromita mazana matatu paawa. Kuwedzera kune kugona uku, ine chaiyo yekuona, iyo inobvumira iyo kuti ione mhuka yayo kubva kumusoro. Mhuka dzavanobata ndeidzi: tsuro, mbeva, tsuro, nyoka, makava, vana mbudzi, hove nedzimwe mhuka diki.
Iyo vaquita marina Iyo cetacean, ndiko kuti, mhuka inoyamwisa inoenderana nehupenyu hwemumvura, senge ma dolphin. Icho chikara cheimwe mhuka dzegungwa dzakadai sehove (trout, croaker, anchovies, sardines), squid, crustaceans nedzimwe.
Iyo mhou ishiri isinga bhururuka. Kunyange ichikwanisa kudya zvirimwa, inodyisawo mhuka (omnivore). Icho chikara chidiki zvipembenene.
Iyo nyeredzi dzegungwa vazhinji vacho vanodya. Iwo zvikara zvezvikara, zvakadai semakonzo, mamossels, oysters, uye hozhwa, pamwe nehove diki nehonye. Kuti vagone kudya kumhuka dzinochengetedzwa nemakomba, senge mapundu, vanofanirwa kugadzira simba rinogara riine maturu avo tsoka.