Iyo colloids vari Homogeneous misanganiswaSenge mhinduro, asi apa pachiyero chishoma, zvidimbu zveimwe kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinosiyaniswa, chikamu chakapararira kana chisingaregi, chakapararira mune chimwe chinhu chinonzi chikamu chinopararira kana chinopfuurira.
Izwi colloid yakaunzwa nekemisiti yeScotland Thomas Graham mu 1861 uye inotorwa kubva pamudzi wechiGiriki kola (κoλλα), zvinoreva kuti "iyo inonamatira"Kana"unctuous", Izvi zvinoenderana neiyo chivakwa cherudzi urwu rwezvinhu kuti usapfuure nepasefa zvinowanzoitika.
Mu colloids, zvidimbu zviri muchikamu chakapararira zvakakura zvakakwana kuti zviparadzire mwenje (an optical athari inozivikanwa seyeTyndall mhedzisiro), asi isiri diki zvekukonzeresa nekuparadzanisa. Kuvapo kweichi chiratidzo chekuita kunoita kuti zvikwanise kusiyanisa colloid kubva pamhinduro kana mhinduro. Colloid zvikamu ine dhayamita iri pakati pe1 nanometer uye micrometer; iya yemhinduro idiki pane 1 nanometer.Izvo zviyero zvinoumba colloids zvinodaidzwa kunzi micelles.
Mamiriro ezvinhu ecolloid anotsanangurwa nemamiriro epanyama echikamu chinopararira, chinogona kunge chiri mvura, chakasimba kana chine gasi; chikamu chakapararira chinogona zvakare kuenderana neimwe yeaya matatu marudzi, kunyangwe mune gaseous colloids iyi inogara iri mvura kana yakasimba.
Colloidal zvinhu zvakakosha mukuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvemaindasitiri zvekushandisa zvakajairika uye zvakakura, senge pendi, mapurasitiki, mishonga yezvipembenene yekurima, inki, simende, sipo, mafuta ekuzora, sipo, zvinonamatira uye zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana zvekudya.. Iwo macolloid ari muvhu anobatsira mukuchengetedza kwayo mvura uye zvinovaka muviri.
Mukurapa, colloids kana plasma yekuwedzera inoendeswa kuwedzera intravascular vhoriyamu kwenguva yakareba kupfuura zvinoitika kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwecrystalloids.
Colloids inogona kuva hydrophilic kana hydrophobic. Vanofambisa senge sipo (munyu wenguva refu cheni mafuta acids) kana iyo sipo ivo vanoumba musangano colloids, zvichibvumira kudzikamiswa kwehydrophobic colloids.
Kana mutsauko wakajeka ukaitwa pakati pechikamu chakapararira nepakati, icho chinonzi chakareruka colloid. Kune mamwe akaomesesa macolloid, akadai seyekupedzisira colloidal masystem, mune ese maviri mativi anoumbwa neanopindirana netiweki (anoumbwa magirazi uye akawanda magezi nemafuta ndeemhando iyi), uye ayo anonzi akawanda colloids, umo iyo inopararira yepakati inogarisana nezvikamu zviviri kana kupfuura zvakapararira, izvo zvakapatsanurwa. Mienzaniso makumi maviri emakolidi akapiwa pazasi:
- Mukaka cream
- Mukaka
- Latex pendi
- Furo
- Jelly
- Mhute
- Chiutsi
- Montmorillonite uye mamwe matope evhu
- Organic zvinhu
- Bovine shwashwa
- Zvigadzirwa zveAlbumin
- Plasma
- Dextrans
- Hydroethyl starch
- Rakarukwa bone
- Chiutsi
- Detergents
- Silica gel
- Titanium oxide
- Ruby
