Zvemukati
Iyo mabhakitiriya ivo vapenyu unicellular uye ndizvozvo prokaryotic zvipenyu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo yemagetsi mairi, iyo yakapetwa-yakapetwa denderedzwa DNA molecule, yakasununguka mu cytoplasm, isina kuvharirwa mukati memukati.
Sezvo microfossils uye stromatolites (fossil makoloni ebhakitiriya akasanganiswa nemaminerari) akawanikwa mumatope kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dze geological, uye kunyangwe mumatombo sedimentary akare kupfuura Makirioni matatu emakore, zvinonzi mabhakitiriya akange aripo kubvira kare kare.
Zvakawanda zvekuti ivo vakave varipo kwenguva yakareba yenhoroondo yePasi maive musina kana mamwe marudzi ehupenyu. Muchokwadi, mabhakitiriya akaunza zvakakosha zviitiko zvekushanduka.
- Onawo:Utachiona (biology)
Mhando dzehutachiona
Inowanzo kusiyaniswa nhasi mumapoka makuru maviri:
- Utachiona: vanomiririrwa na kunyanya munzvimbo yechisikigo nhasi, nekuvapo kwematanho akasiyana eoksijeni uye akasiyana metabolism.
- The Archaea: shanduko inomiririra a chikamu chakapfuura, ine metabolism yakanyatsochinjika kumamiriro ekunyanyisa ezvakatipoteredza, senge kushayikwa kweoksijeni (rangarira kuti, maererano nedzidzo dzakaomarara, pakanga pasina okisijeni papasi kusvikira miriwo, iyo huru oksijeni vakasunungura, yaonekwa), kana munyu wakanyanya kana nzvimbo ine acidic yakawanda uye kupisa kwakanyanya.
Hukuru shanduko budiriro yebhakitiriya inonyanya kukonzerwa nekushamisa kwavo metabolic kuita zvinhu zvakawanda. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti zvese zvinogoneka nzira dze kuwana chinhu uye simba iwo aripo akaparadzirwa mumakirasi akasiyana ebhakitiriya.
- Onawo: Mienzaniso ye Microorganisms
Mienzaniso yebhakitiriya
| Escherichia coli | Bacillus thuringiensis |
| Bacillus subtilis | Clostridium botulinum |
| Mycobacterium tibhii | Clostridium tetani |
| Nitrobacter winogradsky | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Thiobacillus ferooxidans | Falvobacterium aquatile |
| Rodospirillum rubrum | Azotobacter chroococcum |
| Chloroflexus aurantiacus | Neisseria gonorrhaea |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Haemophilus influenza |
| Serratia marcescens | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| Salmonella typhi | Staphylococcus aureus |
Kukosha
Iyo mabhakitiriya Ivo vane kukosha kwakanyanya musikirwo, nekuti ivo varipo mune echinyakare kutenderera kwezvakakosha zvinhu zvehupenyu: nitrogen, kabhoni, phosphorus, sarufa, nezvimwe.
Chivabvu shandura organic kuva inorganic zvinhu uye zvinopesana. Nepo mabhakitiriya mazhinji ari pathogenic uye achikonzera chirwere mumiti nemhuka (kusanganisira vanhu).
Mamwe akawanda anoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri maitiro, sezvo chikafu uye chinwiwa kugadzirisa chidhakwa zvinodhaka, kubva mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, etc.
Hunhu
Iyo mabhakitiriya Iwo maikorosikopu uye kunze kweiyo membrane inovhara cytoplasm yavo kune chimiro chinonzi rusero rusvingo. Zvakawanda zvekunze zvakadaro, mamwe mabhakitiriya anogadzira jelly-senge chimiro chinonzi Kamudzira.
Hutachiona hunoberekana nebhinari fission uye nekukurumidza zvakanyanya, saka zvakanyanya kuwanda. Nekuda kwavo kwakasiyana siyana metabolism, vanogona kubudirira munzvimbo dzisingaverengeke dzakadai se:
- Mvura inotapira uye ine munyu
- Organic zvinhu
- Pasi
- Zvibereko nezviyo
- Zvirimwa
- Mhuka, zvese mukati uye nepamusoro padzo
Mabhakitiriya mazhinji anonamira pamwechete kuumba maviri, ngetani kana mapakeji; kazhinji dzinofamba; flagellum (mhando ine chinhu chakareba chinongedzo) ndicho chimiro chinowanzo kupa kune motility, asi kwete iyo yega. Iyo seti yebhakitiriya mutsika inonzi koloni.
Tevera na:
- Mienzaniso yeGram Yakanaka uye Gram Negative Bhakitiriya
- Mienzaniso yeiyo Unicellular Zvisikwa
- Mienzaniso yeProkaryotic uye Eukaryotic Zvisikwa
