Zvemukati
- Chii chinonzi kutepfenyura?
- Mienzaniso yekupararira
- Chii chinonzi osmosis?
- Nekuti zvakakosha?
- Mienzaniso yeiyo osmosis maitiro
Iyokupararira uye osmosis izvo zviitiko zvinozivikanwa nekuparadzirwa kwe mamorekuru yemuviri mune mumwe muviri unobatana neuyo wekutanga kana wakaparadzaniswa, asi kuburikidza nesemiplasmic membrane. Aya mikana miviri ndizvo chaizvo zvinovhura kupatsanuka pakati pezviitiko zviviri.
Chii chinonzi kutepfenyura?
Ndiyo kupararira kusangana kwemamorekuru kunoitika, semhedzisiro yesangano rinotyaira avo Kinetic simba. Mitumbi iri kusangana ipapo mamorekuru anoparadzirwa, mune chiitiko chinotsanangurwa ne kinetic dzidziso yenyaya.
Uku kufamba kunoitika mune chero ipi mamiriro enyaya, asi kunoonekwa zviri nyore mune zvinwiwa. Iko kufambiswa kwesangano iri kune kuumbwa kweiyunifomu musanganiswa wemhando mbiri dzemamorekuru.
Musayendisiti Adolf fick yakagadzwa muna 1855 mimwe mitemo ine zita rake, uye inotsanangura zviitiko zvakasiyana zvekupararira kwenyaya mune svikiro umo pakutanga musina kuenzana. Iyi mitemo inoratidzira kuyerera kwekuwanda kwemamorekuru kune musiyano wevasungwa pakati pevaviri midhiya vakaparadzaniswa nemembure, yavo yekupararira coefficient uye kukwana kweiyo membrane.
Tevere, zvimwe zviitiko zvekupatsanurwa kwesero zvichave zvinoratidzwa.
Mienzaniso yekupararira
- Kufamba kweokisijeni mupulmonary alveoli.
- Kushushikana kwepfungwa, uko kunosanganisira sion uye potasium ions kuburikidza neiyo membrane yeakisi.
- Kana maviri akaparadzirwa akaumbwa nesimbi mbiri akaunzwa mukati mezviso zvavo akatorwa, uye tembiricha ikaunzwa pazasi pechinonyungudika, zvichave nechokwadi kuti rwiyo rwachinja: maatomu enickel anyungudika akananga kumhangura.
- Iko kudziya uye kushanduka kwemavara kwekapu yekofi kana chikamu chakanaka chemukaka unotonhora chikawedzerwa.
- Iko kupinda kweglucose kumasero matsvuku eropa, ichibva mumatumbu.
- Mune chimwe chikepe, pane kutetepa kudiki diki kwemvura yemurwizi inoyerera pamusoro pemvura yegungwa.
- Kana iwe ukaisa chipunu cheshuga mugirazi remvura, iwo mamorekuru esucrose anopararira kuburikidza nemvura.
- Kupararira kwemagasi kunogona kuoneka kana munhuwi wekunhuwirira ukapinda munzvimbo yakavharika, uye munhu wese anobva angonzwa kunhuwa. Izvi zvinoitikawo kana mumwe munhu achisvuta mumba.
Chii chinonzi osmosis?
Huru hunhu hweiyo semi-inokwenenzverwa membrane iyo inomutsa maitiro e osmosis ndeyekuti inobvumidza kupfuura kweye solvent, asi kwete iyo solute: iine pores e molecular size ayo anopa aya maitiro.
Nenzira iyi, zvinoonekwa kuti iyo solvent inowanzo pfuura nepakati peiyo membrane munzira yemhinduro iyo kusangana kwayo kwakakwirira, iyo inopedzisa kuburitsa kuti huwandu hwesolvent hunowedzera mune yakanyanya kukamurwa chikamu uye inoderera mune isina kudzikira chikamu. Iyi ndiyo nzira inodzokororwa kusvikira iyo hydrostatic kumanikidza ichienzanisa maitiro.
Nekuti zvakakosha?
Iyo solubility yesolute mune solvent uye nemhando yeiyo membrane inoshandiswa ndeyezvinhu zvakakosha zvinoona kushanda kweiyo osmotic maitiro: izvo zvinonzi 'solubility' zvinotsanangurwa nemakemikari zvisungo izvo chikamu chimwe nechimwe mumhinduro chinopa. .
Maitiro osmotic akakosha mumaitiro ehupenyu apo mvura ndiyo solvent, kunyanya mune iwo maitiro anoitirwa kuchengetedza mvura uye muyero we electrolyte muzvinhu zvipenyu, kudzora huwandu hwemvura muchitokisi kana mumuviri muzhinji: Pasina maitiro aya, pangave pasina mutemo wemvura uye kunwa kwehutano.
Mienzaniso yeiyo osmosis maitiro
- Zvinhu zvipenyu zvine sero rimwe zvinogara mumvura yakachena zvinopinda huwandu hwemvura kuburikidza neosmosis.
- Iko kunwiwa kwemvura nemidzi muzvisikwa zvezvirimwa, izvo zvinobvumidza kukura, kunoitika kuburikidza nechiitiko cherudzi urwu.
- Kuwana mvura kubva kumasero epithelial neura hwakakura kuita kwakadai.
- Yakajairwa osmosis kuyedza inosanganisira kupatsanura mbatatisi, kuisa shuga shoma nemvura kune rimwe divi, uye ndiro ine mvura pane imwe. Iyo mbatatisi inoshanda seye membrane, uye mushure mechinguva ichaonekwa kuti mhinduro yaive neshuga ikozvino ine mvura yakawanda.
- Iyo hormone ADH iyo inobvumidza iyo reabsorption yemvura neiye anounganidza mugero mune itsvo.
- Kubviswa kweweti yakanyanyisa iyo iyo hove inodzinga yakanyanya mvura pamwe nekurasikirwa kushoma kwemunyu.
- Kubviswa kwemvura kubudikidza ziya muvanhu kunoitwa kuburikidza neosmosis.
- Sefa yekuchenesa mvura inoshanda neosmosis, nekuti inogadzirwa nechinhu chinotendera kufamba kwemvura, asi kwete mamorekuru mahombe.
