Matanho esangano rezvakatipoteredza

Zvese zvipenyu zviri mukati mehurongwa hunobatana pamwe pamatanho akasiyana. Iyi inodaidzwa kuti ecological Organisation, iyo inosanganisira anotevera matanho:

• Mumwe nemumwe. Iyo inozivikanwawo senge chikamu chemuviri, idanho rakakosha kuti muviri uve nekwanisi kubereka. Wese munhu anofanirwa kuchinjirwa kune kwaanogara, uye anopindirana nenzira dzakasiyana nevamwe (mutualism, makwikwi, kubereka, kuzvitangira). Saizvozvo, chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana (hupenyu hwekutenderera): kuberekwa, kukura, kukura, kuchembera, kufa.
• Vagari. Iyo ecological huwandu hunodaidzwa kuti boka rezvipenyu zverudzi rumwe rudzi kana vanhu vanogara munzvimbo imwechete yenzvimbo. Nzira dzekudyidzana ndedzinoti: mutualism, makwikwi, parasitism, predation uye kubereka (kusangana). Semuenzaniso: boka renjuzu rinogara panzvimbo imwechete.
• Nharaunda. Nharaunda iboka revanhu vanogovana saiti imwechete kune imwe nguva yenguva. Mhuka, chirimwa kana zvese zvisikwa zvinogona kugarisana. Semuenzaniso: fining inharaunda ine mhando dzakasiyana senge pumas, tiger, mhuka dzesango.
• Ecosystem. Iyo ecosystem inzvimbo inove nehupenyu hwakasiyana hwehukama hunobatana pamwe chete (zvirimwa kana mhuka). Kusiyana nenharaunda, mune iyo ecosystem zvisikwa izvo zvinoumba zvinowirirana zvinogadzira simba uye zvishandisezve chikafu. Iyo ecosystem inozvidzora-yega uye inozvigadzirira, ndokuti, ine zviwanikwa zvekuzvimiririra kubva kune mamwe maecosystem uye nekupa ayo marudzi. Iyi nhanho ine chikamu cheabiootic, ndiko kuti, hachina kurarama (semuenzaniso: oxygen, mvura, carbon dioxide, nitrogen) uye imwe biotic, ndiko kuti, ine hupenyu (semuenzaniso: mhuka nemiti).
• Biome. Biome iboka rezvisikwa zvinoratidzira kufanana kune ese ari maviri maabiootic uye biotic zvikamu. Semuenzaniso: chikamu chekondinendi umo mamiriro ekunze ane maitiro akafanana uye mamwe marudzi akafanana anowanikwa.
• Biosphere. Iyo biosphere iseti yebiomes iyo inoratidza misiyano neruremekedzo kune mumwe nemumwe, asiwo zvimwe zvakafanana. Iyo Nyika inoonekwa seyakakura biosphere, iyo inosanganisira akasiyana mamiriro ekunze, makungwa nemakondinendi epasi. Zvakare iyo biosphere inoonekwa seyepasi mhepo yepasi.

• Inogona kukushandira: Biodiversity