Zvemukati
Iyo French Revolution Yakanga iri huru yezvematongerwo enyika uye zvemagariro musangano wakaitika muFrance muna 1798 uye izvo kwakatungamira kumagumo ehumambo hwehutongi munyika iyoyo, kuumba rakasununguka republican hurumende munzvimbo yayo.
Tichitungamirwa nemota yekuti "rusununguko, kuenzana, hama" ruzhinji rwevagari vakapikisa uye vakapidigura masimba ehumambo, havana kuteerera chiremera chehumambo uye mukuita kudaro vakatumira kupasi chiratidzo chenguva yemberi ichauya: yedemokrasi, republican , mune kuti kodzero dzakakosha dzevanhu vese dzinoitwa kuti dzionekwe.
Shanduko yeFrance inoonekwa nevazhinji vese vezvakaitika kare sechiitiko chezvematongerwo enyika chinoratidza kutanga kweEuropean muEurope. Icho chaive chiitiko chakakatyamadza nyika yese uye chakaparadzira iwo echimurenga mazano eKujekerwa kukona yega yega.
Zvinokonzera French Revolution
Izvo zvinokonzeresa French Revolution kutanga ne kushomeka kwerusununguko rweumwe neumwe, hurombo hwakakura uye kusaenzana kwemagariro nehupfumi zvaive muFrance yekutonga kwaLouis XVI naMarie Antoinette. Pamwe chete neChechi uye vafundisi, vatongi vakatonga nesimba risingaperi, sezvo zvigaro pachigaro zvakaziviswa naMwari pachaKe. Mambo vakaita zvisarudzo zvekupokana uye zvisina kufunga, vachigadzira mitero mitsva, kurasa zvinhu zvevadzidzi, vachizivisa hondo nekusayina runyararo, nezvimwe.
Uku kusaenzana kukuru kwevanhu pamberi pemutemo, uyo, kunyangwe zvaive zvakafanana, wakapa mvumo kune vapfumi nevarombo nenzira dzakasiyana, nenzira imwecheteyo nekutonga kwese kwamambo pamusoro perusununguko rwekutaura kuburikidza nenzira dzekudzivirira, yakachengetedza ruzhinji rwevanhu mune inogara iri mamiriro ekufinhwa uye kusafara. Kana isu tichiwedzera kune iyo huwandu hwemagariro uye ehupfumi maropafadzo ayo aristocracy uye vafundisi vakafarira vanhu, zvinonzwisisika kuti panguva yekumuka ivo vaive chinhu chinovengwa nevakawanda.
Inofungidzirwa kuti pavagari vemo vane mamirioni 23 veFrance panguva iyoyo, 300 000 bedzi vaiva veaya mapoka anotonga ayo akafarikanya ropafadzo dzose. Dzimwe dzese dzaive dze "vanhuwo zvavo", kunze kwevamwe vatengesi uye mabongageri anonyara.
Mhedzisiro yeiyo French Revolution
Mhedzisiro yeiyo French Revolution yakaoma uye ine pasirese kusvika iyo ichiri kurangarirwa nhasi.
- Hutongi hwehunhu hwapera. Nekugumisa humambo uye neropafadzo dzevafundisi, veFrench Revolutionaries vakaita mhirizhonga yekufananidzira kuhurongwa hwehutongi muEurope nepasirese, vachidyara mhodzi dzekuchinja munyika zhinji nematunhu. Nepo dzimwe nyika dzese dzeEurope dzaifungisisa nekuvhunduka kugurwa musoro kwemadzimambo eFrance, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, senge muSpanish America, makoloni achadya iwo mafungiro eva libertarian uye makore anotevera vachatanga yavo Revolutions of Independence kubva kuSpanish Crown.
- Iyo French Republic inoziviswa. Kubuda kwechirongwa chitsva chezvematongerwo enyika nevemagariro kuchachinja hukama hwehupfumi nemasimba mukati meFrance zvachose. Izvi zvinosanganisira nguva dzakasiyana dzekuchinja, dzimwe dzinoteura ropa kupfuura dzimwe, uye zvichazopedzisira zvaunza zviitiko zvakasiyana zvesangano rakakurumbira iro, zvisinei, richapinza nyika mumhirizhonga. Mumatanho ekutanga, muchokwadi, ivo vanofanirwa kusangana nehondo nevavakidzani vavo vePrussia, avo vaida kudzorera mambo pachigaro chavo nechisimba.
- Kugoverwa kutsva kwebasa kunoitwa. Kupera kwenzanga yehurumende kuchachinja nzira yekugadzira yeFrance uye kuchabvumidza kuunzwa kwemitemo yekupa uye yekuda, pamwe nekusapindira kwehurumende mune zvehupfumi. Izvi zvinogadzirisa nzanga itsva yakasununguka, yakachengetedzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika nekuverenga vanhu.
- Kodzero dzevanhu dzinoziviswa kekutanga. Chirevo chakasheedzera panguva yekutanga kweRevolution, "Rusununguko, kuenzana, hama kana kufa", zvakapa mukana panguva yeNational Assembly kuDeclaration yeUniversal Kodzero dzeMunhu, kutanga uye kurudziro Kodzero Dzevanhu zvenguva yedu. Kekutanga, kodzero dzakaenzana dzakatemerwa mutemo kuvanhu vese, zvisinei nekwavanobva, chitendero chavo kana dzinza ravo. Varanda vakasunungurwa uye jeri rechikwereti rakabviswa.
- Hutsva magariro mabasa akaiswa. Kunyangwe yaive isiri yechimurenga yechikadzi, yakapa vakadzi basa rakasiyana, kushingaira mukuvakwa kwenzvimbo nyowani yemagariro, pamwe nekubviswa kwemayorazgo nedzimwe tsika zhinji dzehukasha. Izvi zvaireva kutangazve nheyo dzezvemagariro pamwe nehupfumi, izvo zvairevawo kubvisa maropafadzo evafundisi, kutora midziyo yeChechi nevapfumi vane mbiri.
- Iwo bourgeoisie anokwira kutonga muEurope. Vatengesi, makorokoto emabhizimusi ayo akazotanga Shanduko yeindasitiri, akatanga kutora nzvimbo isina chinhu yevakuru vakuru seboka rinotonga. Izvi zvinokonzeresa shanduko muEurope kuenda kuchimanjemanje, mukati memakore anouya apo hutongi hwehutongi hunotanga kudzikira kwavo kunonoka.
- Bumbiro rekutanga reFrance rinoziviswa. Bumbiro iri, garandi yekodzero dzinowanikwa neanoshandura simba uye idzo dzakaratidza mweya wakasununguka mune zvehupfumi uye nzanga dzehurongwa hutsva hwenyika, ichashanda semuenzaniso uye hwaro hweramangwana reparamende repasi rose.
- Kuparadzaniswa pakati peChechi neHurumende kunoziviswa. Kupatsanurwa uku kwakakosha pakupinda muchimanjemanje cheMadokero, nekuti inobvumidza zvematongerwo enyika zvisina chitendero. Izvi zvakaitika kubudikidza nekutorerwa kwemidziyo yeChechi nevefundisi, kudzikiswa kwesimba ravo rezvematongerwo enyika nerezvematongerwo enyika, uye pamusoro pezvese kutamisirwa kuHurumende yemaroja akaunganidzwa neChechi kubva kuvanhu kuitira mabasa eruzhinji. Vaprisita, nekudaro, vaizogamuchira muhoro kubva kuHurumende semumwe mukuru. Minda nenhumbi dzeChechi nevepamusoro zvakatengeswa kuvarimi vakapfuma nemabhongiri, zvichisimbisa kuvimbika kwavo kuRevolution.
- Karenda nyowani nemisi mitsva yenyika zvakaiswa. Shanduko iyi yakatsvaga kubvisa zvese zvakasara zvehurongwa hwepamberi, yakawana hukama hutsva hwekufananidzira uye hwemagariro husina kuratidzwa nechitendero, uye nekudaro kuvaka imwe tsika yeRepublican yevaFrance.
- Kukwira kwaNapoleon Bonaparte saMambo. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zveFrench Revolution ndechekuti zvakaguma mukutonga kwemamongi zvakare. Kuburikidza nemubatanidzwa unozivikanwa saBrumaire 18, General Napoleon Bonaparte, achidzoka kubva kuEjipitori, achatora matomu erudzi munjodzi yemagariro, mushure menguva dzeropa rekumukira kutambudzwa mumaoko emaJacobins. Humambo hutsva hwaNapoleon hwaizotanga hwave nehunhu hwema republican asi hunyanzvi uye hwaizotangisa France kukunda nyika. Mushure mekuteedzana kwehondo, humambo hwaizopera muna 1815 nekurasikirwa neHondo yeWaterloo (Belgium) kurwisa mauto eEuropean.
