Zvinangwa zveUN

Zvemukati

• Nhengo huru dzeUN
• Mienzaniso yezvinangwa zveUN

Iyo United Nations (UN), inozivikanwa zvakare seUnited Nations (UN), parizvino ndiro rakakura uye rakakosha pasangano repasirese pasi.

Yakatangwa muna Gumiguru 24, 1945 pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II, yaive nerutsigiro nekutenderwa nenhengo makumi mashanu nenomwe, dzakasaina Gwaro reUnited Nations ndokuvimbisa kuva nesangano rehurumende repasi rose se mufambisi uye guarantor muzvirongwa zvekutaurirana, runyararo, mutemo wepasi rese, kodzero dzevanhu uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvehunhu hwese.

Parizvino ine nyika makumi matatu nenomwe uye mitauro mitanhatu yepamutemo, pamwe nemunyori mukuru anoshanda semumiriri uye conductor, chinzvimbo chakabatwa kubvira 2007 neSouth Korea Ban Ki-moon. Dzimbahwe rayo riri muNew York, muUnited States, uye dzimbahwe rayo rechipiri riri kuGeneva, Switzerland.

Inogona kukushandira: Mienzaniso yeInternational Organisations

Nhengo huru dzeUN

United Nations Organisation ine zvakasiyana nhanho dzehurongwa dzinobvumidza nhaurirano yakanangana nenyaya uye zvinhu zvekufarira kwenyika dzese, uye kuti kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekuvhota hunogona kusarudza kupindira yemubatanidzwa wepasi rose mune imwe nzvimbo yepasi iri mukukakavadzana, chirevo chakabatana pane imwe nyaya, kana kumanikidza kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvehutano hwakanaka pamwe nechinangwa kune ramangwana renyika chirongwa.

Iyi nhengo huru ndeiyi:

• Gungano guru. Mutumbi mukuru weSangano unopa kutora chikamu uye nharo dzenhengo makumi mapfumbamwe nenomwe dzenyika, imwe neimwe iine vhoti imwe. Inotungamirwa nemutungamiri wegungano akasarudzwa pachikamu chega chega, uye zvinhu zvakakosha zvakakosha zvinokurukurwa, sekuzivikanwa kwenhengo nyowani kana matambudziko akakosha ehupenyu.
• Security Council. Inoumbwa nenhengo shanu dzechigarire dzine veto simba: China, Russia, United States, France neUnited Kingdom, vakatora nyika dzakakosha kwazvo mune zvehondo pasi rose, uye nedzimwe nhengo gumi dzisiri dzechigarire, dzine nhengo yemakore maviri uye akasarudzwa neParamende. Mutumbi uyu une basa rekuona runyararo uye kugadzirisa zviito zvehondo uye hukama hwepasi rose.
• Iyo Yehupfumi uye Yemagariro Kanzuru. Nyika makumi mashanu nenomwe dzinotora chikamu mukanzuru ino, pamwe nevamiriri vemapazi ezvidzidzo nemabhizimusi, pamwe nemasangano anodarika zviuru zvitatu asiri ehurumende (NGO), kuitira kuenda kunhaurirano dzepasirese dzine chekuita nekutama, nzara, hutano, nezvimwe.
• Dare redziviriro. Mutumbi uyu une basa chairo, rinova rekuona manejimendi chaiyo enzvimbo dzekuvimba, ndiko kuti, zvinzvimbo zviri pasi pekudzidziswa kuve nechokwadi chebudiriro inozopedzisira yaendesa kuzvitonga kana kuzvimiririra. Iyo inoumbwa chete nenhengo shanu dzechigarire dzeSecurity Council: China, Russia, United States, United Kingdom neFrance.
• Dare repasi rose reJustice. Akakomberedzwa muThe Hague, ndiro ruoko rwekutonga rweUN, rwakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa gakava rekutonga pakati peMarudzi akasiyana siyana, pamwe nekuongorora nyaya dzemhosva dzakanyanya kutyisa kana nenzvimbo yakakura yekugona kuyedzwa. nedare redzimhosva. Inoumbwa nevatongi gumi nevashanu vakasarudzwa neGeneral Assembly neSecurity Council kwemakore mapfumbamwe.
• Iye Secretary. Iri ndiro danho rekutungamira reUN, iro rinopa masevhisi kune mamwe mimwe miviri uye rine vangangoita 41,000 vakuru pasi rese, kugadzirisa mhando dzese dzematambudziko nemamiriro ezvinhu anofadza kuSangano. Inotungamirwa neMunyori Mukuru, akasarudzwa neGeneral Assembly kwemakore mashanu, zvinoenderana nezvakakurudzirwa neSecurity Council.

Mienzaniso yezvinangwa zveUN

1. Chengetedza runyararo uye chengetedzo pakati penhengo dzenyika. Izvi zvinoreva kupindirana mumakakatanwa, kupa chengetedzo yepamutemo muzvinhu zvepasirese uye kushanda sedare rinodzvinyirira, kuburikidza nehurongwa hwevheti uye masanctions ehupfumi nehunhu, kudzivirira kuwedzera kwemakakatanwa anotungamira kuhondo uye, zvakatonyanya, kuuraya vanhu sevaya vakasangana nevanhu muzana ramakumi maviri. UN yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushaya simba mukutarisana nekupindirana kwenyika dzepasi rose kubva kune nyika dzine simba zvikuru dzinoumba Security Council, sezvakaitika nekurwiswa kweNorth America muLibya neIraq pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri nemasere.
2. Ita hukama hwehukama pakati penyika. Izvi zvinoedzwa nekuita zvirongwa zvedzidzo uye zvirongwa zvekushivirira, zvekugamuchirwa kweanotama uye neyekusiyana kwevanhu, izvo zvinoita kuti ive mumiriri akanaka ekutenda mumakakatanwa pakati penyika. Muchokwadi, UN yakabatana kwazvo nekomiti yeOlympic inoita maOlimpiki uye ine chimiro chetsika uye kuoneka muzviitiko zvikuru nezviono zvevanhu zvepasi.
3. Ipa rubatsiro kune avo vanoshaya uye kurwisa kusaenzana kwakanyanya. Dzakawanda imishandirapamwe yeUN inopa mishonga uye rubatsiro rwekurapa kuvanhu vakasiyiwa kana vakasiyiwa, chikafu uye zvekukurumidzira kunzvimbo dzakashushikana kana dzakaparadzwa nehondo dzehondo kana nenjodzi dzemamiriro ekunze.
4. Kukunda nzara, hurombo, kusaverenga nekusaenzana. Kubudikidza nepasi rose zvirongwa zvebudiriro zvebudiriro zvinokurudzira kukoshesa kutarisisa nyaya dzinokurumidza muhutano, dzidzo, hupenyu hwehupenyu kana zvimwe zvisina basa kana nyaya dzevanhu dzinoregeredza dzinoita kuti nyika ive nzvimbo isina kurongeka. Zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinowanzo sanganisira kubatana kwepedyo pakati penzvimbo dzakapfuma dzepasi nevasina kubatikana.
5. Pindirana nemauto kuchengetedza vanhu vanotambura. Kune izvi, UN ine mauto epasi rese, anonzi "ngowani dzebhuruu" nekuda kweruvara rweyunifomu yavo. Akadaro mauto haapindure, mune dzidziso, kune izvo zvido zveimwe nyika, asi anozadzisa basa rekusarerekera semucherechedzi, murevereri uye anovimbisa kururamisira nerunyararo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara aanomanikidzwa kupindira, senyika dziri pasi peudzvanyiriri. kana hondo dzevagari vemo.
6. Enda kune zviitiko zvakakomba zvepasirese. Kunyanya mune hutano (madenda, kuputika kusingadzoreki senge Ebola mu Africa mu2014), kutama kwevanhu vazhinji (senge dambudziko revapoteri veSyria nekuda kwehondo) uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine chisarudzo zvine chekuita nenharaunda dzenyika dzese kana zvikamu zvehurumende zvisina kuvharwa nehurumende inozivikanwa kana nyika.
7. Yambiro nezve kusvibiswa uye chengetedza modhi inosimudzira. UN iri kuramba ichifarira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye mamodheru ekusimudzira ecology, zvichiita kuti zvioneke kudiwa kwevanhu kwekumisa kusvibiswa nekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzepasi rose, pamwe nekuronga ramangwana rehutano, budiriro nerunyararo munguva refu kwete chete munguva pfupi. mazwi.

Inogona kukushandira: Zvinangwa zveMercosur