Zvemukati
- Mhando dzeCarhydrate
- Mienzaniso yemonosaccharides
- Mienzaniso yezvisina kubviswa
- Mienzaniso yeoligosaccharides
- Mienzaniso ye polysaccharides
Iyo makabhohaidhiretsi, makabhohaidhiretsi kana makabhohaidhiretsi ane biomolecule anoumbwa nekabhoni, hydrogen uye oxygen. Carbohydrate chikamu chemitumbi yezvipenyu zvinozadzisa chimiro uye simba rekuchengetedza mabasa.
Nekuvashandisa mukati chikafu, ipa sosi inowanikwa nyore nyore yesimba (zvakasiyana mafuta, iyo zvakare ine simba asi inoda muitiro wakareba mumuviri kuti uwane). Maitiro ayo macarhydrate molecule anoburitsa simba rayo anonzi oxidation.
Imwe gramu yehydrohydrate inobatsira 4 kilocalories.
Mhando dzeCarhydrate
Zvinoenderana nechimiro chavo, makabhohaidhiretsi akaiswa mu:
- Monosaccharides: Yakagadzirwa nekamorekuru rimwe chete.
- Disaccharides: Yakaumbwa nemamorekuru maviri emonosaccharide, akabatanidzwa neyakaungana bond (glycosidic bond).
- Oligosaccharides: Yakagadzirwa pakati pematatu nemapfumbamwe mamorekisi echimonaccharide. Ivo vanowanzo kubatanidzwa pa protein, saka vanogadzira glycoprotein.
- Polysaccharides: Yakagadzirwa nemaketani gumi kana anopfuura monosaccharides. Maketani anogona kana kusabatanidzwa. Muzvipenyu, vanozadzisa chimiro uye mabasa ekuchengetedza.
Inogona kukushandira: Mienzaniso yeMonosaccharides, Disaccharides uye Polysaccharides
Mienzaniso yemonosaccharides
Arabinosa: Haiwanikwe yakasununguka mune zvakasikwa.
Ribose: Inowanikwa mu:
- Chiropa chemombe
- Nguruve chiuno
- Howa
- Sipinachi
- Broccoli
- Asparagus
- Unpasteurized mukaka
Fructose: Inowanikwa mu:
- Carob
- Plums
- Maapuro
- Tamarind
- Mudiwa
- Maonde
- Muchero
- Madomasi
- Kokonati
Glucose: Izvo zvakakosha pakuita kwakanaka kwemuviri uye kwepfungwa. Inowanikwa mu:
- Zvigadzirwa zvemukaka
- Nuts
- Zviyo
Galactose: Haisi kuwanikwa mumamiriro ayo echisikigo.
Mannose Mune chikafu, inowanikwa mune nyemba.
Xylose: Izvo zvakaoma kugaya, inowanikwa mune zvinotevera chikafu:
- Chibage
- Makoko echibage
Mienzaniso yezvisina kubviswa
Sucrose: Yakagadzirwa neimwe molecule yeglucose uye imwe ye fructose. Iyo ndiyo yakawanda kwazvo disaccharide. Mune chikafu, inowanikwa mu:
- Zvibereko
- Muriwo
- Shuga
- Beetroot
- Zvinwiwa zvinotapira zvemaindasitiri
- Candies
- Candies
Lactose: Yakagadzirwa nemagalactose molecule uye glucose molecule. Mune chikafu, inowanikwa mu:
- Mukaka
- Yogati
- Cheese
- Humwe mukaka
Maltose: Yakagadzirwa nemaviri mamorekuru eglucose. Iyo ndiyo diki yakasarudzika disaccharide mune zvakasikwa, asi inoumbwa nemaindasitiri. Mune chikafu, inowanikwa mu:
- Doro
- Chingwa
Cellobiose: Yakagadzirwa nemaviri mamorekuru eglucose. Izvo hazvipo zvakadaro mune zvakasikwa.
Mienzaniso yeoligosaccharides
Raffinose: Inowanikwa mu:
- Tsanga dzebeet
Melicitosa: Yakagadzirwa neimwe molecule ye fructose uye maviri eglucose. Mune chikafu, inowanikwa mu:
Mienzaniso ye polysaccharides
Starch: Inowanikwa mune zvirimwa nekuti ndiyo nzira yavanochengeta monosaccharides. Mune chikafu, vanowanikwa mu
- Plantain
- Baba
- Nhanga
- Squash
- Chickpeas
- Chibage
- Turnips
Glycogen: Inochengetwa mumhasuru uye chiropa kupa simba. Mune chikafu chinowanikwa mu:
- Mafura
- Chingwa
- Mupunga
- Pasita
- Mbatata
- Plantain
- Apple
- orenji
- Oatmeal
- Yogati
Cellulose: Iyo yakaumbwa polysaccharide, inowanikwa musero rusvingo kunyanya rwezvirimwa, asiwo nezvimwe zvipenyu. Ndo izvo mune zvekudya zvatinodaidza kuti "fiber":
- Sipinachi
- Lettuce
- Maapuro
- Mbeu
- Mbeu dzese
- Chinanazi
Chitin: Zvakafanana muchimiro kune cellulose, asi ine nitrogen mumorekuru rayo, izvo zvinoita kuti iwedzere kuramba. Iyo inoshandiswa seyakagadzika chikafu.
Inogona kukushandira: 20 Mienzaniso yeCarbohydrate (uye nebasa rayo)
