LAN, MAN uye WAN network

Zvemukati

• Mhando dzemasaiti
• Zvirongwa zveNetwork
• Mienzaniso yeLAN network
• Mienzaniso yeMAN network
• Mienzaniso yeWAN network

Nedudziro, a netyemakomputa kana kombiyuta network Iyo seti ye Hardware uye software (zvishandiso uye zvirongwa) yakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe kuburikidza nemidziyo yemuviri yekutumira uye kugamuchira ruzivo, kuitira kugovana dhata, maneja zviwanikwa uye nekupa akasiyana marudzi emasevhisi.

Aya maratidziro anoshanda senge chero nzira yekutaurirana kwakamisikidzwa: kuburikidza nekubatana uye kudzokorora kudyidzana kwevanotumira uye vanogamuchira kuburikidza nechaiko chiteshi uye kushandisa yakajairika kodhi. Iko mashandiro enetiweki anoenderana nekurongedzwa kwezvinhu izvi, semuenzaniso, yayo yekufambisa data kumhanyisa..

Iyo yakakura kwazvo yakagadzirwa nevanhu kusvika ikozvino ndeyeInternet: netiweki yakakura yemamiriyoni emakomputa akabatana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi, kugovana ruzivo pasirese pasirese uye kubvumidza kutora maitiro uye masevhisi.

Mhando dzemasaiti

Kune akawanda akapatsanurwa emakomputa network, ayo anotarisana akasiyana maitiro ekushanda kwavo: yavo mhando yekubatana, hukama hwavo hunoshanda, kwavo kwepanyama topology, degree ravo rekupararira, kuvimbiswa kana kwavo kwedhairekitori, asi pamwe inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiko kupatsanurwa zvichienderana kukura kwayo.

Saizvozvo, isu tinogona kutaura nezve matatu marudzi enetiweki, kunyanya:

• LAN netiweki (Yemunharaunda Nharaunda Network). Zita rayo rinosanganisira chirevo muChirungu cheLocal Area Network, uye ndeavo vanogumira chiyero chayo kunzvimbo yakatsanangurwa zvakanaka yemipimo midiki, senge dhipatimendi, hofisi, ndege, kunyangwe chivakwa chimwe chete. Kushaya nzira dzeveruzhinji dzekubatana, ivo vanogoneswa senge imwechete nzvimbo netiweki, kunyangwe hazvo yekuti vanogona kushandira vazhinji vashandisi panguva imwe chete.
• MAN network (Metropolitan Area Network). Zita rayo rinosanganisira chirevo muChirungu cheMetropolitan Area Network, sezvo iri inomhanya-mhanya network inopa nzvimbo kune yakakura nzvimbo kupfuura LAN (muchokwadi ine akati wandei), asi ichiri kongiri uye ichitsanangurwa, se chikamu cheguta.
• WAN network (Nzvimbo Yakakura Network). Zita rayo rinosanganisira chirevo muChirungu cheWide Area Network, uye ino nguva iri pamusoro penzvimbo dzakakura uye dzakakwira-mhanyisa network, dzinoshandisa masatellite, cabling, microwaves uye matekinoroji matsva kufukidza chikamu chakakura chenharaunda. IInternet, pasina kupokana, ndeye WAN yehuwandu hwepasirese.

Zvirongwa zveNetwork

Iwo makomputa anoita manetwork anotaurirana nemumwe achitaura "mutauro" mumwe chete, unonzi network protocol. Kune akatiwandei anogona protocols, kutaurirana zviyero uye kufunga kweyakajairika network kushanda, asi izvo zviviri zvakajairika ndeizviKANA KANA (Vhura Maitiro Ekubatanidza: kuvhurika kwekubatana kwemaitiro) uyeTCP / IP (Yekutakura nhepfenyuro uye network layer).

Ma protocols ese ari maviri anosiyana nekuti ivo vanogadzira kutaurirana nenzira dzakasiyana. Ipo OSI iine zvikamu zvinomwe zvakatsanangurwa zvekutaurirana uye mamwe mabasa, TCP / IP ine ina chete asi yakarongeka pahwaro hwechimiro chechipiri. Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yakajairika uye inonyanya kushandiswa pasi rese.

Mienzaniso yeLAN network

1. Netiweki yekumba. Kunge waya isina waya (WiFi) iyo chero munhu yaanogona kuisa pamba kuti ashandire mashoma emakomputa uye nhare mbozha. Chiyero chayo hachizombopfuure kumahombekombe edhipatimendi.
2. Chitoro network. Matavi madiki ebhizinesi kana chitoro anowanzo kuve neyake network, kupa Internet kubatana kumakomputa avo uye, kazhinji, kune vatengi.
3. Inetiweki yemukati yehofisi. Mumahofisi, yemukati network (intranet) inowanzoitwa inozivisa makomputa evashandi vese, ichivabvumidza kupinda pamwe chete kumativi (senge mupurinda mumwe chete) uye kugovana maforodha ebasa kana zvinhu zvinowirirana.
4. Inetiweki yeruzhinji mukwere. Mumaguta mazhinji chirongwa cheveruzhinji uye chemahara cheInternet chinoitwa, kuburikidza neasina waya ekubatanidza mapoinzi nehurefu husingasviki pane mashoma mamita mune nharaunda.
5. Serial network mune imwe imba. Internet maresitorendi kana emafoni matumba emabhizimusi akawana yakawanda bhoom nekupinda kweInternet isati yasvika iyo Smartphones. Ivo vaimbove vaine akati wandei emakomputa ane Internet kubatana inowanikwa kuti ishandiswe neruzhinji., asi yakaumbwa mukati medandemutande inodzora yaigara mukombuta yemaneja wepanzvimbo.

Mienzaniso yeMAN network

1. Ineti yevashumiri. Masangano mazhinji ehurumende anoda basa rekubatana kana kugovana data rakakosha, saka Izvo zvakabatana kuburikidza ne fiber optic network iyo inovabvumidza kuti vave kune rimwe divi reguta uye vasarasikirwe nehukama.
2. Network pakati pematavi. Zvitoro zvakawanda nemabhizinesi zvakabatana muguta rimwe chete, zvichibvumira mushandisi kutsvaga chigadzirwa mubazi riri padyo uye, kana chisipo, Ivo vanogona kuikumbira kune imwe nzvimbo kure kure kana, mune yakaipa kesi, tungamira mutengi kune iro bhuku kune rimwe bazi.
3. Netiweki yeIP yemuno. Inonzi ISP (Internet Webasa Provider) kumakambani anotengesa vanhu mukana weInternet. Vanozviita chaizvo kuburikidza akasiyana MAN network, imwe neimwe inotarisira zviwanikwa zveguta kana nzvimbo. kune akasiyana vatengi vachiikumbira, ndiko kuti, kune yega yega LAN.
4. Netiweki pane yunivhesiti kambasi. Iyo zvakare inonzi CAN (Campus Nzvimbo Network), ivo vari chaizvo MUNHU akagadziridzwa kune ese akasiyana zvivakwa zvinoumba yunivhesiti guta, uye kuti vanogona kupatsanurwa zvakakwana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nedaro refu.
5. Manisiparati ehurumende matunhu. Iyo data yemasipareti kana meya inowanzo kuverengerwa munetiweki inobata chete avo vanogara mairi, nekuti vagari vemamwe matunhu vanozove yavo. Nekudaro, kubhadharwa kwemitero yemasipareti kana maitiro ehurongwa anogona kuitiswa zvinobudirira..

Mienzaniso yeWAN network

1. Indaneti. Muenzaniso wakanakisa weWAN uripo ndeweInternet, inokwanisa kutaurisa akasiyana matekinoroji pamusoro pematanho akakura, kunyangwe kubva kudivi renyika kuenda kune rimwe. Iyo iguru network iyo yakagara ichifananidzwa negungwa, nzira yepamusoro, kana chisikwa chose..
2. Inyika yebhangi network. Mapazi emabhangi munyika anotarisirwa kuburikidza netiweki yakakura uye nekubatana nemamwe mabhangi uye kunyangwe nemabhangi ekunze. Imwe yeaya maratidziro ndeye WAN iyo inobvumidza mushandisi kutora mari kuATM kune rimwe divi renyika, kana kunyangwe mune imwe nyika..
3. Transnational bhizinesi network. Makuru emabhizimusi emabhizimusi ane huvepo munyika dzakasiyana dzepasirese, chengetedza vashandi vavo kutaurirana kuburikidza neiyo yega WAN yekambani, kuitira kuti vakwanise kuchinjana ruzivo uye varambe vachisangana nguva dzose kunyangwe vari munyika dzakasiyana.
4. Mauto satellite satellite. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekudzivirira uye dzekutarisa dzechiuto dzine chekuita nesatellite, ngarava, ndege nedzimwe mota dzakapararira pasirese, iwo akaenzana akatambanuka uye akakura muchiyero, saka vanogona kungova veWAN mhando.
5. Bhadhara maTV network. Tambo kana terevhizheni terevhizheni uye zvimwe zvevaraidzo neruzivo masevhisi anoenderana nehunyanzvi hutsva, inofanirwa kushandisa WAN network kubatanidza vanyoreri munyika dzakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemakondinendi.