Tekinoroji zviyero

Zvemukati

• Mienzaniso yehunyanzvi zviyero

Iyotechnical zviyero akateedzana ezvinyorwa zvakapihwa nedare remvumo inozivikanwa mune yakatarwa nyaya, kutonga kana kumanikidza tsananguro nyanzvi mukusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwetekinoroji, kusimudzira chigadzirwa kana kuendesa kwakakodzera masevhisi.

Tekinoroji zviyero zvinoshanda munzanga seyakagadzika marongero, izvo zvinomiririra maitiro uye kuchengetedza zvido zvevanhu, zvinoenderana nehunhu, kugona, mhando kana zvikonzero zvekuchengetedza. Basa rayo rekupedzisira raizove, musimboti, iyo yekumisikidza (kurerutsa, kubatanidza, kudoma) kwemaitiro eitarisiro yavo chaiyo uye kusimudzira kwetsika.

Kazhinji iyo mitemo Vanogona kunge vaine nyika kana yepasi rose chiyero chekuita, zvinoenderana nehukuru hwemuviri unovasimudzira kana zvibvumirano pane nyaya yakaitika pakati penyika. Mupfungwa iyoyo ivo vari pamutemo anotonga, ndiko kuti, yakapihwa nemvumo.

Kana, pane zvinopesana, tsika dzinomuka kubva ku zvakajairika mukaha, tsika uye kudikanwa, ivo vanoonekwa mitemo isiri pamutemo. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kuve zvinoshanda, chero bedzi zvisingapesani nemafungiro emitemo yepamutemo.

Huru yemasangano aya padanho repasi rose ndeye ISO (Sangano repasi rose reSimisation).

Onawo: Mienzaniso yeYakanaka Maitiro

Mienzaniso yehunyanzvi zviyero

1. ISO 9000. Yakasimudzirwa ne Sangano repasi rose reSimisation (ISO) senge yapfuura aya, akateedzana zviyero zvehutongi hwehunhu mukugadzirwa, kugadzirwa, kumisikidzwa, kushanda, kuongororwa, kuyedzwa uye manejimendi eanogona kuitika maindasitiri maitiro, ayo ane chinangwa chekutonga nekubatanidza Maitiro ekutsigira ane zita rako chete ayo anoenderana nezvinodiwa uye zvakatemwa zvinodiwa.
2. ISO 1000. Mukuyedza kudoma International System of Units, iyi ISO standard inotsanangudza yakadomwa zita remazita ezviyuniti, zvinowedzerwa zvikamu, uye zvakatorwa zviyero, zvichimisikidza mashandisirwo ezvimisikidzo, zviratidzo, uye manhamba pakunzwisisa kukuru kwevanhu.
3. ISBN (International Standard Bhuku Nhamba). Ipfupi kuInternational Standard Book Nhamba, icho chakasarudzika chinongedzo chemabhuku akaburitswa chero kupi pasi uye akagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwekutengesa. Kwayakabva yakadzokera kumashure ku1966 muUnited Kingdom, apo vaW.H.Smith vanomiririra vakaishandisa kuona uye kuisa mushe zvigadzirwa zvavo, uye kubva muna1970 yakagamuchirwa seyepasi rese yekutsikisa.
4. ISSN (International Standard Serial Nhamba). Kufanana neiyo ISBN, iri Yakaverengerwa Pasi Pose Chitupa Chiverengero chenguva, senge mabhuku egore, magazini, uye mapepanhau. Ichi chiyero chinobvumidza kuenzanisa kupatsanura uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso mukunyorwa kwemazita kana kududzira, izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira kune mabhuku ebhaibheri uye mapepanhau.
5. MPEG2 (Kufambisa Rino Nyanzvi Boka). Iri ndiro zita rakapihwa kune seti yemitemo uye zviyero zvekunyoreswa kweaudio nemavhidhiyo zvakasimudzwa neBoka reVanoona nezveMifananidzo yekufambisa (MPEG), yakaburitswa muiyo ISO 13818 standard. Maitiro ehunyanzvi emutemo uyu anoshandiswa kuDigital Terrestrial. Terevhizheni, kuburikidza nesataneti kana tambo, pamwe neSVCD neDVD discs.
6. 3GPP nharembozha zviyero. Aya ndiwo akateedzana ezve nharembozha zviyero zvakagadziriswa neiyo Chizvarwa Chechitatu Kubatana Purojekiti (Chechitatu Chizvarwa Association Purojekiti), iyo nzira yekutanga yaive yekuvandudza nyika yechitatu chizvarwa (3G) nharembozha mbozhanhare, zvichibva pane zvakawanikwa neiyo yapfuura GSM uye mukati mehurongwa hweITU (International Telecommunications Union). Nhasi uno zviyero izvi zvinofukidza mamwe marudzi ekutaurirana senge redhiyo uye epakati network, zvichipihwa kukura kwavo kukuru uye kukosha.
7. ISO 22000. Imwe yematanho akakosha eIO standardization, yakatsaurirwa kurapa uye kudzora kwechikafu, ichigara ichifunga nezvekuchengetedzeka kwevatengi uye huwandu hwevanhu mukugadzirwa, kubata uye kugoverwa kwevatengi chikafu chikafu. Iyo ine zvese zvinodiwa zvekudzivirira uye kufunga kwekutarisa kuitira kuti chigadzirwa chisimbiswe neIO, icho chinovimbisa kugona kwayo.
8. Copyright. Mukutanga kwayo, iyo Copyright Yakagadzirwa nehurumende yeUnited States, yakanga isiri chinhu chinopfuura chiyero chekuchengetedzwa kwemamepu, machati nemabhuku aidzivirira kubereka kwavo kusarura pasina mvumo yemunyori. Asi kubva kuma50s yakapararira pasi rese uye ikave inozivikanwa kwazvo uye yakapararira kodzero yekopiraiti, ichidzivirira simba rakazara remunyori (nevadyi venhaka yake) pamusoro pechisikwa chake kusvika pane imwe nguva mushure mekufa (inotsanangurwa temu yepasi yemakore makumi mashanu) .
9. Creative Commons Zvakajairwa Marezinesi. Kubva kuAmerican mavambo, iyi seti yemitemo yepamutemo inoteedzera isiri-capitalist kumisikidza yemabasa ekugadzira uye ruzivo, ichiona kufamba kwavo kwemahara zvinoenderana nemazano akagadzwa nemunyori, ayo anosanganisira rusununguko rwekubvunza nekutenderera, dzimwe nguva kunyange kugadzirisa, asi kwete kutengesa kana kushandisa zvebhizimisi.
10. Colombian technical Standard NTC 4595-4596. Zviripachena kuti zvemuno zviri muchiito, mutemo uyu wakasimudzwa nebazi rezvedzidzo reColombia unogadzirisa dhizaini nekuronga nzvimbo kwezvivakwa zvitsva zvedzidzo, kuve nechokwadi chekugara kwenharaunda yechikoro uye zvakakosha zvehunhu hwenyika pakuvaka chikoro kana koreji. uye nekuvandudza imwe iripo.
11. ChiSpanish technical Standard NTP 211. Iyi tsika, zvakare yekuita kwenyika, inogadzirisa zvinhu zvine chekuita nekuvhenekerwa kwenzvimbo dzekushanda muSpain, uchifunga nezve kugadzirwa, kunyaradzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzevangangoita vashandi nevashandi.
12. Technical Standard yeGeographicical Domiciles. Mutemo weNational Institute of Statistics uye Geography yeMexico State inosimbisa zvakatarwa zvakasiyana zvekubata kwedata renzvimbo uye kusangana kwayo mukugadzira uye kuita sarudzo maitiro. Iko kuyedza kumisikidza kutaurirana pachinhu ichi munyika yese.
13. NTC KOPERI. YeBrazil technical tekinoroji inotsanangudza zvinodiwa maererano nezvinhu zvekushambadzira magetsi, maturusi, gungano rekuparadzira netiweki kana basa rekuchengetedza pamambure ari kushandiswa. Ivo vanodomwa neCOPEL, kambani yemapiyona muBrazil mune zvemagetsi basa uye mumwe wevapi vakuru vemasimba muParaná.
14. YeArgentina NTVO zviyero. CRMT National Transportation Regulation Commission) muArgentina inotsigira yakateedzana mirawo maererano nemigwagwa uye njanji mabasa uye kutonga, kubva kusangano renyika nekuchengetedza njanji kusvika kumitemo yekuongorora mabasa.
15. Unyanzvi uye Hwakanaka Maitiro eCodex Alimentarius eWorld Trade Organisation(WTO). Sezvo zita rayo parinosimbisa, kodhi yechikafu ichi inoedza kuyananisa nhanho nhanho nhanho dzehutachiona zvinotungamira mukumisikidzwa kwekuchengetedza chikafu. Iyo seti yematanho epasi rose anowanzo kunzi "Codex" ayo anoenderana pamwe nemasangano epasi rese ezvekudya nezvekurima.