Zvemukati
Iyo zvipenyu (zvisikwa), zvinoenderana nenhamba yesero dzinozvinyora, zvinogona kutariswa unicellular (kana dziine sero rimwe) kana multicellular (kana multicellular, ayo akaumbwa nemasero maviri kana anopfuura).
Iyo masero dzinoonekwa sehunhu hushoma hwehupenyu. Iwo zvikamu zviri zviviri mune morphological uye inoshanda chinhu. Iwo morphological zvikamu nekuti akakomberedzwa nehamvuropu, inonzi sero kana cytoplasmic membrane.
Pamusoro pe, masero iwo anoshanda zvikamu nekuti anoumba yakaoma biochemical system. Nekudaro, ivo vane kugona kwekudyisa uye kuchengetedza yavo yega metabolism, kukura uye kuwanda kubva kune magene zvinhu zvavanazvo mukati memukati, kusiyanisa (kukudziridza mamwe maitiro akasiyana neaya mamwe maseru), uye kushanduka.
Ese maficha emasero akagovaniswa neunicellular uye multicellular zvipenyu (inonziwo multicellular).
Onawo: Mienzaniso yeCellular Organelles (nebasa rayo)
Kubereka sero
Iyo multicellular zvipenyu ivo vanomuka kutanga kubva kune rimwe sero. Kunyangwe vanhu panguva yekubata vanova sero. Zvisinei, sero rinobva rangotanga kuwanda. Masero anokwanisa kubereka kuburikidza nemaitiro maviri:
- Mitosis: Inoitika mumasomatic maseru. Sero rinotsemuka kamwe chete (masero maviri anobuda muchitokisi). Hanzvadzi chromatids akapatsanurwa uye hapana crossover inoitika, saka ivo vaviri mwanasikana masero ane zvakafanana magene ruzivo. Iyo ipfupi maseru kupatsanurwa iyo inovavarira mukukura nekuvandudzwa kwemasero nematukisi.
- Meiosis: Inogadzirwa chete mumasero emadzitete (maseru ebonde). Sero rinopatsanuka kaviri. Muchikamu chekutanga, ma-chromosomes echikadzi anopatsanurwa mune yechipiri, chromatids akapatsanurwa uyezve kune crossover pakati pemakomomomuchomom homologous. Ndicho chikonzero nei vana vasikana masero akasiyana nemajini. Chinangwa chayo ndiko kuenderera kwemarudzi uye kusiana kwemajini.
Kubva pane zviri pamusoro zvinogona kugumiswa kuti multicellular zvipenyu Ivo vanowana ese masero avo (kunze kweavo vebonde) kubva kune imwechete yekutanga sero nekuda kwemitosis.
Mune zvipuka zvine ma multicellular, kwete ese masero akafanana, asi asi kusiyanisa kuzadzikisa mashandiro akasiyana: semuenzaniso, kune maseru etsinga, epithelial maseru, maseru maseru, nezvimwe. Iyo maseru akasarudzika akarongeka kuva maseti anonzi machira, ayo anozoita gadzira nhengo.
Prokaryotic uye Eukaryotic Masero
Pamusoro pekusiyaniswa, pane maviri akakosha marudzi emasero ayo anozo mutsauranisa maviri akasiyana marudzi ehupenyu:
Prokaryotic masero: Saizi yavo iri pasi pemamirioni maviri, uye kunyangwe iine membrane yesero, haina membrane yenyukireya (iyo inoparadzanisa nucleus kubva kune cytoplasm). DNA iripo seimwe denderedzwa mamorekuru, iine mashoma protein yakabatana nemasangano asina kusimba. DNA inogadzira chromosome imwechete. Yayo chete cytoplasmic organelles idiki ribosomes. Iyo haina skeleton yemukati. Prokaryotic maseru anoumba PROCARIONTE ORGANISMS (mabhakitiriya uye cyanobacteria). Ivo anowanzoita UNICELLULAR zvipenyu, kunze kweiyo myxobacteria.
Eukaryotic masero: Hukuru hwayo hwakakura kudarika ma microns maviri, kuwedzera kune membrane yesero ine membrane yenyukireya. DNA inogadzira mamorekuru ane mitsara nemapuroteni anoenderana kuburikidza nezvisungo zvakasimba. DNA inogadzira chromosomes yakati wandei. Sero rinosanganisira akasiyana cytoplasmic organelles, yemukati mafupa, uye zvemukati membranous zvikamu. Eukaryotic maseru anoumba EUCHARIAN ORGANISMS (senge mhuka, zvirimwa uye munhu) izvo zviri PLURICELLULAR zvipenyu.
Onawo: Mienzaniso yeiyo Unicellular uye Multicellular Zvisikwa
Inogona kukushandira: Nhengo dzeMuviri weMunhu
Mienzaniso ye multicellular zvipenyu
- Munhu: Mhando dzakasiyana dzemasero dzinoumba kuwanda kwemasuru ayo anozoita kutenderera, huta, masisitimu emapfupa, nezvimwe.
- Gakanje: Sevamwe crustaceans, chikamu chemasero ayo chakasiyaniswa kuita exoskeleton, chimiro chinofukidza uye chinochengetedza mhuka.
- Dolphin: Mhuka dzemumvura. Kunge mhuka dzese, inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzeeukaryotic mhuka maseru.
- Gorosi: Zviyo zvemhuri yehuswa. Iyo inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzeeukaryotic masero emiti.
- Kumedza: Shiri yetsika dzinotama, dzemhuri yeva hirundínidos, yehurongwa hwevapfuuri.
- Huswa: Kufanana nezvimwe zvinomera zvine monocotyledonous, hunde yawo inosanganisira meristematic maseru ayo anotendera kureba kwayo kuti kuwedzerwe mushure mekuchekwa.
- Huku: Shiri yemhuri yePasianidae. Kunge dzimwe shiri, yakafukidzwa muminhenga yakaumbwa nemaseru akasarudzika muepermermis anonzi keratinocytes.
- Salmoni: Dzese hove dzemumvura uye dzemvura yakachena. Kufanana nehove zhinji (bony kana cartilaginous) ganda rayo rakafukidzwa nezviyero, maseru akasarudzika akasiyana nezviyero zvinokambaira.
- Temporaria datya: Amphibian anuran yemhuri yeRanidae, iyo inogara muEurope nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweAsia.
- Dzvinyu girini: Mhando dzeshiri (reptile) yemhuri yeTiiidae. Iyo inowanikwa mune ecozone inotenderera iyo Argentine, Bolivian neParaguayan Chaco.
Ehezve, kuwedzera kune izvo zvataurwa, zviuru zvemienzaniso zvinogona kunyorwa, nekuti mhuka dzese dziripo ndedzezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kana iwe uchida mimwe mienzaniso, unogona kushanyira chikamu che Mienzaniso yeVertebrate Mhuka, kana Mhuka dzisingaverengeki.
- Inogona kukushandira: Chii chinonzi Unicellular Zvisikwa?
