Zvemukati
Iyohydroxide mhedzisiro yekubatanidzwa kwe simbi oxide (inonziwo oxides inokosha) nemvura. Nenzira iyi, kuumbwa kwehydroxide kunopihwa nezvinhu zvitatu: okisijeni, hydrogen uye simbi iri kutaurwa. Mukubatana, simbi inogara ichiita se cation uye iyo hydroxide yeboka chinhu inoshanda seanion.
Mahydroxide muhuwandu anogovera hunhu hwakati wandei, senge kuve nekuravira kunorwadza sesipo, kutsvedza kusvika pakubata, kuora, kuve nesipo uye sipo zvinhu, kupera mafuta uye nesarufa, uye kuita nemaacids kugadzira munyu.
Kune rimwe divi, humwe hunhu hwakanangana nerudzi rumwe nerumwe rwehydroxide, yakadai sesodium, iyo inokurumidza kutora carbon dioxide nemvura; iyo calcium inowanikwa mukuita kwe calcium oxide nemvura; kana simbi (II) inova isingapindiki mumvura.
Chii chavanoshandiswa?
Iko kunyorera kwehydroxide kwakasiyanawo pakati penyaya dzakasiyana:
- Iyo yavaibvisa hydroxidesemuenzaniso, inosanganisirwa neindastiri yesipo uye runako uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza muviri.
- Iyo calcium hydroxideKune chikamu chayo, ine chinzvimbo chepakati mune mamwe maitiro sekutora sodium carbonate.
- Iyo lithiamu hydroxide Iyo inoshandiswa mukugadzira ceramics, nepo magnesium ichishandiswa seantacid kana laxative.
- Iyo iron hydroxide Ivo anoshandiswa mukuita fetiraiza zvirimwa.
Mazita emazita
Kana zviri zvakawanda zvekusanganiswa kwemakemikari, pane mazita akasiyana emazita ehydroxide:
- Iyo zita rechinyakaresemuenzaniso, ndiyo inotanga neshoko rekuti hydroxide ichiteera chinhu asi uchifunga nezve iyo valence yainoita nayo: kana iine valence imwe yekupedzisira 'ico' ichashandiswa, pavanenge vaine ive iyo ine yepamusoro valence inopera 'bere' uye iyo ine diki kupera ne 'ico', uye kana ichishanda nemitatu kana ina valence, yekutanga 'hiccup' kana 'per' ichawedzerwawo sezvazvingaite iva.
- Iyo Stock mazita ndiyo inoshandisa izwi rekuti hydroxide, asi pachinzvimbo chekuzadzikisa neshoko rimwe chete, inoshandisa chirevo 'che' uyezve simbi, ichiisa valence mumabhureki.
- Iyo zita rakarongeka ndiyo iyo inonongedza zvisakatanidzirwa zvehuwandu kune izwi rekuti hydroxide.
Mienzaniso yehydroxide
- Mutungamiri (II) hydroxide, Pb (OH)2, tungamira dihydroxide.
- Platinum (IV) hydroxide, Pt (OH)4, platinum quadhydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)4, vanadium tetrahydroxide.
- Ferrous hydroxide, Fe (OH)2, iron dihydroxide.
- Mutungamiri (IV) hydroxide, Pb (OH) 4, tungamira tetrahydroxide.
- Sirivha hydroxide, AgOH, sirivheri hydroxide.
- Cobalt Hydroxide, Co (OH)2, cobalt dihydroxide.
- Manganese hydroxide, Mn (OH)3, manganese trihydroxide.
- Ferric hydroxide, Fe (OH)3, simbi inonzi trihydroxide.
- Mukombe hydroxide, Cu (OH)2, mhangura dihydroxide.
- Aluminium hydroxide, Al (OH)3, aruminiyamu trihydroxide.
- Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, sodium hydroxide.
- Strontium hydroxide, Sr (OH)2, strontium dihydroxide.
- Magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH)2, magnesium dihydroxide.
- Ammonium hydroxide, NH4OH, ammonium hydroxide.
- Cadmium hydroxide, Cd (OH)2, cadmium dihydroxide.
- Vanadic hydroxide, V (OH)3, vanadium trihydroxide.
- Mercuric hydroxide, Hg (OH)2, nemekiyuri dihydroxide.
- Cuprous hydroxide, CuOH, mhangura hydroxide.
- Lithium hydroxide, LiOH, lithium hydroxide.
Dzimwe nguva, mahydroxide ane mazita akajairika anopiwa nekushandisa kwavo kwakajairika, senge sodium hydroxide iyo inonziwo caustic soda, potassium hydroxide inonzi caustic potash, calcium hydroxide iyo inonzi lime mvura kana lime rakadzimwa, uye iyo magnesium inonzi mukaka magnesia.
- Tevera na: Mienzaniso yehydroxides (yakatsanangurwa)
